降雨条件下粗粒土高路堤边坡暂态饱和区形成条件及影响因素

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2018年第4期

论文作者:何忠明 段旭龙 刘登生 杨煜

文章页码:971 - 979

关键词:降雨入渗;粗粒土高边坡;暂态饱和区;数值计算;基质吸力

Key words:rain-fall infiltration; high slope with coarse-grained soils; transient saturated zone; numerical calculation; matrix suction

摘    要:为了分析降雨条件下暂态饱和区形成条件和影响因素,首先建立粗粒土高路堤边坡一维数值计算模型,探讨粗粒土高路堤边坡暂态饱和区的形成条件;通过建立二维数值计算模型,分析降雨强度、降雨时间、渗透系数以及初始表面基质吸力等因素对暂态饱和区形成的影响。研究结果表明:暂态饱和区的形成过程受降雨时间以及降雨强度共同控制,当雨水在边坡表层的入渗流速大于其土体内部出渗流速时,土体体积含水率升高,边坡出现暂态饱和区;在降雨过程中,边坡表层土体中水的流速最终达到与降雨强度基本一致(流速与降雨强度量纲相同),边坡表层土体的体积含水率与降雨强度有关;在降雨过程中,粗粒土高边坡坡脚位置的体积含水率增大最快,该处暂态饱和区出现时间最早,范围最广;降雨强度、初始表面基质吸力对暂态饱和区的形成时间以及深度影响较大,渗透系数的影响较小;在降雨强度相同时,初始表面基质吸力越大,雨水入渗的深度越大,暂态饱和区的范围越广。

Abstract: In order to research the formation conditions of transient saturated zone, the 1-D numerical high embankment slope with coarse soil calculation mode was founded. The 2-D numerical calculation mode was founded, which was used to discuss the influence of rainfall intensity, rainfall time, the matrix suction of initial surface and slope ration and other factors on the formation of transient saturated zone. The results show that the formation processes of transient saturated zone are controlled by rainfall intensity and rainfall time, and the appearance reason for transient saturated zone is that the infiltration rate of the slope surface is larger than seepage rate in the soil. During the process of rainfall, the velocity of water in the slope surface soil is consistent with the rainfall intensity, and the volumetric water content of the slope surface soil is related to the rainfall intensity. During rainfall process, the increased velocity of the volumetric water content of high slope with coarse-grained soils toe is the fastest, and so the time that the transuent saturated zone appears is the earliest, and the range is the widest. Rainfall intensity, rainfall time and the matrix suction of initial surface have certain effects on the formation time and depth of transuent saturated zone, and their influence degree is greater than the effect of permeability coefficient on the formation time of saturation zone relatively. Under the same rainfall intensity conditions, the larger the matrix suction of initial surface, the greater the depth of rainwater infiltration and the wider the range of the transient saturated zone.

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