粉末增材制造微结构的非等温相场模拟

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2020年第11期

论文作者:杨阳祎玮 易敏 胥柏香

文章页码:3019 - 3032

关键词:粉末增材制造;相场模型;微结构;选区烧结/熔化;温度梯度;有限元方法

Key words:powder-based additive manufacturing; phase-field model; microstructure; selective laser sintering/melting; temperature gradient; finite element method

摘    要:为了预测粉末增材制造过程中微结构特点及其演化过程,考虑增材制造中局部温度的剧烈变化和极大的温度梯度,改进热-熔体-微结构耦合的非等温相场模型。在该相场模型中,微结构演化由传质、传热、熔体流动、固液相变和晶体生长的耦合动力学所描述。采用有限元方法对该模型进行数值求解,并将其应用于粉末的非等温烧结以及选区烧结(selective sintering,SS)和选区熔化(selective melting,SM)增材制造的模拟。研究结果表明:温度梯度将产生额外的热毛细和热泳传质,以及固/液界面移动和晶界迁移的额外驱动力,进而显著影响微结构演化;该模型可预测高能集中热束功率P和扫描速度v对孔隙率、表面形貌、温度分布、晶粒形状及取向、致密度等微观结构特征的影响规律;当P-0.15v-23>0(SS)和P-0.25v-100>0(SM)时,可获得大于90%的致密度。

Abstract: In order to predict the microstructure and its evolution during the powder-based additive manufacturing(AM) and consider the drastic change in local temperature and thus the extremely high temperature gradient therein, a non-isothermal phase-field model with the coupled heat-melting-microstructure process was developed. In this model, the microstructure evolution was described by the coupled kinetics of mass transfer, heat transfer, melting flow, solid-liquid phase transition and grain growth. The model was numerically implemented by finite element method, and further applied to the phase-field simulation of non-isothermal sintering and selective sintering(SS)/selective melting(SM) based AM of powder. The results show that the temperature gradient generates the additional diffusive and thermophoresis mass transfer, as well as the additional driven force for solid/liquid interface movement and grain boundary migration, thus notably influencing the microstructure evolution. The model is demonstrated to be capable of predicting the effects of beam power P and scanning speed v on the SS/SM AM induced microstructure features such as porosity, morphology, temperature distribution, grain shape/orientation, denitrification, etc. In the case of P-0.15v-23>0 for SS and P-0.25v-100>0 for SM, the microstructure with a denitrification factor above 90% can be obtained.

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