4种车型横向气动性能分析与比较

来源期刊：中南大学学报(自然科学版)2006年第3期

论文作者：梁习锋 熊小慧

文章页码：607 - 612

关键词：车辆;气动性能;数值模拟;侧滚力矩

Key words：vehicle; aerodynamic performance; numerical simulation; overturning moment

摘    要：根据二维定常不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程和k-ε双方程紊流模型,采用有限体积法对客车、敞车、棚车和罐车4种不同外形铁路车辆在路堤高度、横风风速相同条件下的横向气动性能进行分析与比较。研究结果表明:对于车顶外形为圆弧形的车型,空气流过圆弧形车顶时流速增加,压力下降,故其升力较大;对于车顶外形为钝形的车型,车体迎风面正压区域较大,而背风侧产生较大的漩涡区,在此区域内压力较小,故其侧向力较大;在横风作用下,客车、敞车、棚车和罐车4种车型中,罐车的侧滚力矩最小,稳定性最强,敞车和客车次之,棚车的侧滚力矩最大,其稳定性最弱;在进行强横风地段挡风墙优化设计时,可将棚车作为设防车型,以保证所有列车在强横风地段运行安全。

Abstract: Based on 2D steady and incompressible Navier-Stokes equation and k-ε turbulent model,the lateral aerodynamic performances of four types of car, i.e. passenger car, gondola car, boxcar and tank car were analyzed and compared by finite volume method, when these cars were in the cross winds of the same velocity and on the railway with the embankment of the same height.When the air flows through the vaults, the air flow velocity rises and pressure drops, the lift forces on cars become larger. For the cars of whose figures are obtuse, the area of positive pressure at the upwind is bigger, and the area of negative pressure is smaller when the bigger eddy area appears, and the side forces become larger. Among the four types of car, the overturning moment of the tank car is the lowest, that of the box car is the highest. The tank car has the strongest corresponding stability, and the box car has the worst. In order to optimize the wind-break wall, the boxcar is chosen to be the reference model to guarantee train s safety in strong wind area.