集装箱专用平车气动性能分析与比较

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2008年第4期

论文作者:梁习锋 胡哲龙 刘堂红

文章页码:781 - 786

关键词:集装箱专用平车;气动性能;数值模拟;设计方案;

Key words:container flat wagon; aerodynamic performance; numerical simulation; design option

摘    要:

基于三维、不可压、定常N-S方程和k-ε双方程湍流模型,采用有限体积法对3种不同设计方案在运行时速为160 km/h的集装箱专用平车(以下简称平车)在有、无横风情况下的气动性能进行分析与比较,其中:方案一的平车无端墙,侧梁侧面平直;方案二和三的平车均加有端墙,且侧梁加高、侧面形状分别为钝形和弧形。研究结果表明:在无横风情况下,方案一中没有端墙,迎风面积较小,受到的气动阻力最小,方案二和三中平车有端墙,迎风面积较大,受到的气动阻力也较大;有横风情况下,方案三中平车侧梁较高,车体迎风面正压区较大,而背风侧产生较大的涡流区,在此区域内压力较小,故其横向力较大,方案一中平车侧梁没有加高,受到的横向力最小;方案一中平车倾覆力矩最小,稳定性最好。因此,在有、无横风情况下,方案一中平车的气动性能均比其他2种设计方案的平车的优。

Abstract: Based on 3D steady and incompressible N-S equation and k-ε turbulent model, the aerodynamic performance of three different design options of 160 km/h container flat wagon was analyzed and compared using finite volume method. The three design options are as follows: the first design option has no headwall and the side surface of side beam is flat; the second and the third both have headwall and high side beam, and the side surface of side beam of the second is obtuse, while the third is cambered. The results show that, for the first with no headwall, when there is no crosswind, it has small front face areas, so the aerodynamic resistance is the least. Since the second and the third have headwall, the front face areas are large, so they have bigger aerodynamic resistance. Under the condition of crosswind, as the third design option has the highest side beam, the area of positive pressure at the upwind is bigger, and the area of negative pressure is smaller when the bigger eddy area appears, so the side forces become larger. The first has the least side forces; the overturning moment of the first is the least. So under the two conditions, the aerodynamic performance of the first design option is the best.

基金信息:铁道部科技研究开发计划资助项目

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