隧道下穿采空区施工围岩灾变演化的力学机制

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2021年第2期

论文作者:周喻 李建旺 冯仕文

文章页码:543 - 555

关键词:隧道;采空区;围岩灾变机制;相似模拟试验;离散-连续耦合

Key words:tunnel; goaf; surrounding rock catastrophe mechanism; similar model test; discrete-continuous coupling

摘    要:以2022年北京冬奥会高速公路交通重大保障工程玉渡山隧道为背景,针对隧道下穿点柱法采空区的施工难题,自主研制隧道下穿采空区相似模拟试验系统,同时结合离散-连续耦合分析方法,分析隧道下穿采空区施工时围岩破裂孕育演化规律,探究围岩灾变演化力学机制。研究结果表明,隧道下穿采空区施工时围岩变形破坏表现出如下特征:1) 在隧道开挖过程中,裂缝首先在隧道拱顶和拱腰处产生;当隧道开挖贯通后,隧道拱顶裂缝扩展至采空区底板,采空区顶底板变形曲线大致呈凹槽状;2) 隧道持续开挖诱发围岩应力重分布。隧道拱顶应力增量呈先增后减趋势,拱腰、拱脚应力增量呈阶梯状上升趋势,而采空区顶底板应力增量呈先增后减趋势,但增量值与采空区到隧道距离呈负相关关系;3) 隧道下穿采空区施工围岩变形破坏过程表现出链式效应,即采空区与隧道间的岩体发生破坏;采空区两帮及矿柱破坏;采空区顶板失稳,岩体破坏向上传导;采空区失稳诱发地表边坡滑坡灾害。

Abstract: The Yudushan Tunnel, as a major expressway traffic guarantee project for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games in Beijing, was taken as the research background. A similar model test system was developed independently to investigate the construction problem of the tunnel under the point-column goaf. Meanwhile, the discrete-continuous coupling analysis method was used to deeply reveal the evolution law of the surrounding rock rupture during the construction of the tunnel under the goaf, and to explore the mechanical mechanism of the surrounding rock catastrophe evolution. The results show that the deformation and failure of surrounding rock during the construction of the tunnel under the goaf exhibit the following characteristics. 1) During the tunnel excavation, cracks are first generated at the tunnel vault and arch waist. When the tunnel is excavated, the crack in the tunnel vault extends to the floor of the goaf. The deformation curve of the top and bottom of the goaf is roughly groove-shaped. 2) Continuous tunnel excavation induces the stress redistribution of surrounding rock. The stress increment of the tunnel arch top increases first and then decreases while the stress increment of the arch waist and arch foot increases stepwise. However, the stress increment of the top and bottom of the goaf increases first and then decreases, but the increment value has a negative correlation with the distance from the goaf to the tunnel. 3) The deformation and failure process of the surrounding rock during tunnel construction under the goaf shows a chain effect, that is, the evolution law of the surrounding rock failure is that the rock mass between goaf and tunnel is destroyed. The two sides of the goaf and the destruction of the ore pillars are failure. The roof of the goaf is unstable, and rock failure is conducted upward. The instability of the mined-out area induced a landslide disaster on the surface slope.

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