水平层状优势节理石灰岩采空区顶板破坏特征及其影响机制

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报2021年第1期

论文作者:姜立春 张浩 王建德

文章页码:222 - 234

关键词:石灰岩采空区;变形破坏类型;影响机制;顶板安全系数;跨厚比

Key words:limestone goaf; types of deformation and failure; influence mechanism; roof safety factor; span-thickness ratio

摘    要:为研究层状石灰岩采空区顶板的破坏特征及影响机制问题,在梅州某地下矿调研的基础上,构建采空区水平层状优势节理顶板力学模型,推导其应力分量表达式;结合M-C岩体强度准则,给出任意点岩体破坏判定值Z及其峰值数学式,分析顶板可能出现的变形破坏类型及失稳特征。结果表明:顶板的顶部、下部、两侧翼等位置出现4个判定峰值区域,依照Z值大小排序,分别对应脱落型(Ⅰ类)、挠曲型(Ⅱ类)、剪切型(Ⅲ类)等3种可能变形破坏形式。当Ⅰ、Ⅱ类变形破坏时,顶板具有“梯形拱”承载效应;当Ⅲ类变形破坏时,顶板具有类似“工”型承载特征。顶板破坏类型受安全系数m、跨厚比n和侧压系数k0等因素影响,其中,m、n为可控因素,k0为不可控因素。当k0和n既定时,m仅影响Ⅰ、Ⅱ类或Ⅰ、Ⅲ类破坏类型之间的转化,临界处m分别为2.02和1.22;当m和n既定时,k0影响方式与m的方式相同,临界处k0分别为1.25和1.33;当m和k0既定时,n将影响Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类等3种破坏类型之间转化,临界处n为1.6和3.5。采空区现场勘察结果验证理论分析结果的合理性。成果为此类矿山采空区顶板参数选择提供理论依据。

Abstract: In order to study the failure characteristics and influence mechanism of the roof of goaf in layered limestone mine, based on the investigation of a underground limestone mine in Meizhou, a mechanical model of the roof with horizontal layered dominant joints was built, and the expressions of stress components were derived. Combined with the M-C strength criterion of rock mass, the failure judgment value Z at any point in roof and its peak value mathematical formula were given, and the possible failure type and deformation characteristics in instability process were analyzed. The results indicate that, there are four peak areas at the top, the bottom and both sides of the roof. According to the order of peak values of Z, there are three kinds of possible deformation failure forms, spalling type (Ⅰ), deflet type (Ⅱ) and shear type (Ⅲ). In class Ⅰ or class Ⅱ failures, the roof has the bearing effect of trapezoid arch; in class Ⅲ failure, the roof has the bearing effect similar to I-beam. The failure type of roof is affected by some factors, such as safety factor(m), span-thickness ratio(n) and lateral pressure factor(k0). m and n are controllable factors, and k0 is uncontrollable factors. When k0 and n are definite, m only affects the transformation between class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ or class Ⅰ and class Ⅲ failures, and the critical values of m are 2.02 and 1.22. When m and n are definite, k0 affects the same way as m, and the critical values of m are 1.25 and 1.33. When k0 and m are definite, n affects the transformation between class Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ failures, and the critical values of m are 1.6 and 3.5. The results of field investigation of goaf verify the rationality of theoretical analysis results. The results provide theoretical basis for the selection of roof parameters in goaf of such mines.

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