河渠岸坡特定生态系统的脱氮效率及影响因素

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2011年第2期

论文作者:吴义锋 吕锡武 仲兆平 史静 徐微

文章页码:539 - 545

关键词:岸坡特定生态系统;多孔混凝土;脱氮;影响因素

Key words:special riverine ecosystem; porous concrete; nitrogen removal; influencing factors

摘    要:采用多孔混凝土为河渠生态护岸载体,联合微生物、绿色植物等生态因子构建模拟河渠岸坡特定生态系统,以研究该系统的脱氮效果及其去除机制。研究结果表明:岸坡特定生态系统能强化河渠中氮类污染物的去除效果,且脱氮过程符合一级反应动力学关系;具有完善特定岸坡生态系统的实验渠,停留时间为7 d时氨氮去除率达到85%~90%;总氮(TN)的去除效果受季节影响,在植物生长季节(4~8月份),7 d的停留时间内TN去除率达到90%,脱氮反应动力学常数为0.331~0.353 d-1,主要是微生物反硝化和植物吸收脱氮,脱氮贡献率为85%左右;在冬季(12月份),当停留时间为7 d时,TN去除率仅为36.4%,反应动力学常数为0.064 d-1,微生物反硝脱氮的贡献率为80.9%,而植物吸收的脱氮贡献率仅为4.3%;硬质化岸坡的空白渠中,TN去除率低于72%,脱氮反应动力学常数K最大值仅为0.191 d-1;在河渠岸坡特定生态岸坡中,反硝化细菌群集数量的时空分布特性与坡面基质反硝化潜力的时空分布特性基本类似,具有明显的根际效应,水生植物带是系统脱氮的主要功能区。

Abstract: An experimental model of streams with special riverine ecosystem was constructed to evaluate nitrogen removal from stream and its influencing factors using ecological embankments of porous concrete, microorganism and hydrophytes. The results show that the stream with the benefit of mature special riverine ecosystem gives the highest capacity of nitrogen removal, and the process of nitrogen removal fits first-order reaction kinetics, the reaction speed constant increases with the increase of temperature, and it is 0.331-0.353 d-1 during vegetative season but 0.064 d-1 in winter. The ammonia-nitrogen removal is 85%-90% within 7 d retention time, and the removal efficiency of total removal is affected by seasonal factors, which can reach 90% during vegetative season, denitrification and plant uptake are both dominate in the process of nitrogen removal, which can contribute 85% of total nitrogen removal. When it is in winter, the removal rate of total nitrogen from the stream reduces to 36.4%, and only denitrification plays the key role in the process of nitrogen removal which contributes 80.9% of total nitrogen removal. The spatial-temporal characteristics of denitrifying bacteria have the same distribution as denitrification potential of substrate on ecological embankments, which all have an accumulated ecological effect on the hydrophyte rhizosphere microbes’ activities. In contrast, in the stream with hard embankments, the removal rate of total nitrogen is bellow 72% all the year around, and the maximum kinetic constant is only 0.191 d-1. It is evident that special riverine ecosystem via ecological embankments of porous concrete and hydrophytes can restore and complete the ecology system significantly.

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