层状砂岩力学行为各向异性与破裂特征

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2020年第8期

论文作者:吴顺川 储超群 张诗淮 郭沛 张敏

文章页码:2232 - 2247

关键词:层状砂岩;力学特性;破坏模式;声发射特征;各向异性

Key words:bedding sandstone; mechanical characteristics; failure modes; AE Characteristics; anisotropy

摘    要:为揭示倾角对层状砂岩力学特性与破裂特征的影响,进行0°,30°,45°,60°和90°等5种倾角的单轴压缩试验,分析倾角对试样物理力学特性和破裂模式的影响,并结合声发射监测,分析微裂纹时空演化规律。研究结果表明:1) 不同层理角度试样应力-应变曲线均经历压密阶段、弹性阶段、屈服阶段和峰后破坏阶段,各阶段区分明显。弹性模量与纵波波速均随层理角度增大而增大,而单轴抗压强度先变小然后增大,曲线整体呈现出“U”形,在层理倾角60°时为最低值;2) 倾角从0°增大到90°时,破坏模式由“穿切层理面的劈裂型剪切破坏”转变“复合张剪破坏”再到“剪切滑移破坏”,最后转变为“劈裂张拉破坏”;3) 试样压密段几乎没有声发射事件,在弹性段声发射事件数逐步增加,当加载到峰值强度时,事件数剧烈增加,峰后破坏阶段事件进一步累积,声发射事件阶段变化与应力-应变曲线描述的变形破坏阶段吻合,且声发射事件空间分布与宏观破裂形态基本一致;4) 矩张量反演的震源类型T-k值点分布在不同阶段的变化规律反映了剪切、张拉、混合破裂比例变化。试验用层状砂岩横观各向同性性质明显,力学性质随着层理倾角变化而变化,层理倾角变化对试样破坏模式影响明显。

Abstract: To reveal the effect on mechanical properties and failure characteristics caused by bedding angles of bedded sandstones, the uniaxial compression tests with five kinds of bedding angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) as well as the effect of physical and mechanical characteristics and failure modes caused by bedding angles were studied. The space-time evolution regularities of the microcrack was analyzed through acoustic emission monitoring. The results show the following. 1) The stress-strain curves of sandstone specimens with different bedding angles all show compaction phase, elastic phase, yield phase and a post-peak damage phase clearly. With the increase of bedding angle, the elastic modulus and p-wave velocity both increase, while the uniaxial compressive strength shows the "U" shape which first decreases and then increases. The uniaxial compressive strength reaches the minimum value when the bedding angle is 60 °. 2) As the bedding angle varies from 0° to 90°, the failure mode changes from splitting and shearing through the bedding plane to composite shearing failure, and then changes to shear-slip failure and finally to splitting and tensioning. 3) There is almost no acoustic emission event in the compaction phase, but the number of acoustic emission events in the elastic phase gradually increases. When the peak intensity is loaded, the number of acoustic emission events increases sharply and the events in the post-peak damage phase are further accumulated. Acoustic emission event phase change is consistent with the deformation-destruction processes described by stress-strain curve. Moreover, the spatial distribution of acoustic emission events is basically consistent with the macroscopic fracture morphology. 4) The variation of the distribution of source type T-k values calculated by moment tensor inversion in different phase reflects the ratio of shear, tension and mixed fractures. The transverse isotropy of bedded sandstone is obvious, and the mechanical properties change with the bedding angle. The bedding angle has a significant effect on the failure mode of the specimen.

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