基于固有频率的梁结构疲劳损伤演化规律

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2019年第8期

论文作者:卫军 杜永潇

文章页码:1866 - 1876

关键词:Timoshenko梁;疲劳损伤演化;固有频率;疲劳刚度;疲劳试验

Key words:Timoshenko beams; fatigue damage evolution; natural frequency; fatigue stiffness; fatigue experiment

摘    要:基于梁结构的动力特性能够真实地反映其实际状态,梁结构动力特性变化与疲劳损伤之间存在一定的内在关联,研究疲劳损伤演化对梁结构模态频率的影响机制,提出一种以固有频率为损伤变量的梁结构疲劳损伤演化规律研究方法。首先,基于Timoshenko梁自由振动方程,引入疲劳作用的影响,推导疲劳历程固有频率理论计算公式;然后,对预应力混凝土模型梁进行疲劳试验研究和动力测试,得到疲劳历程中疲劳刚度和固有频率的退化规律,并验证疲劳历程固有频率理论计算公式的正确性;最后,定义固有频率为损伤变量,得到基于1阶固有频率的梁结构疲劳损伤演化规律。研究结果表明:梁结构固有频率也具有类似抗弯刚度退化的3阶段衰减规律;在疲劳作用下,第1阶频率的下降幅度最大,第2阶频率的下降幅度次之,而第3阶频率的下降幅度最小;梁结构在疲劳历程中某时刻状态下,随着模态阶次增大,频率修正系数减小;随着疲劳次数增多,梁各阶频率修正系数呈现增大的趋势;以第1阶固有频率为损伤变量,能有效地拟合梁结构3阶段非线性疲劳损伤演化规律,为进行结构性能退化程度判定及剩余寿命预测提供研究基础。

Abstract: In view of the fact that the dynamic characteristics of the beam structure can truly reflect its actual state, and there is a certain internal relationship between the dynamic characteristics of the beam structures and the fatigue damage, the influence mechanism of fatigue damage evolution on the natural frequency of beam structure was studied, and a research method for fatigue damage evolution law of beam structures with natural frequency as damage variable was proposed. Firstly, based on the free vibration equation of Timoshenko beam, the influence of fatigue was introduced, and the theoretical calculation formula of natural frequency during fatigue process was derived. Furthermore, through the fatigue test and dynamic test of prestressed concrete model beam, the fatigue stiffness and natural frequency degradation law during fatigue process were obtained, and the correctness of the theoretical calculation formula was verified. Finally, the natural frequency was defined as the damage variable, and the fatigue damage evolution law of the beam structure based on the first-order natural frequency was obtained. The results show that the natural frequencies of the beam structure has a three-stage attenuation law which is similar to that of the bending stiffness degradation. Under the action of fatigue, the first-order frequency decreases the most, the second-order frequency decreases the second, and the third-order frequency decreases the least. In a certain state after a certain times of fatigues, the frequency correction factors decrease with the increase of the modal order. With the increase of fatigue times, the correction factor of each order frequency increases. The first-order natural frequency is used as the damage variable, which effectively fits the three-stage nonlinear fatigue damage evolution law of beam structure, and provides a research basis for the determination of structural performance degradation degree and residual life prediction.

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