国产磁浮列车气动外形的优化

来源期刊：中南大学学报(自然科学版)2006年第3期

论文作者：周丹 田红旗 鲁寨军

文章页码：613 - 617

关键词：磁悬浮列车;优化;气动外形;数值模拟

Key words：maglev vehicle; optimization; aerodynamic shape; numerical simulation

摘    要：为了降低列车交会空气压力波、减小空气阻力、使列车具有正的气动升力,根据给定的列车横断面,设计3种磁浮列车流线型头部外形。利用可压缩粘性流体的N- S方程和k-ε双方程湍流模型,采用有限体积法对包括TR08磁浮列车在内的4种高速磁浮列车周围流场进行数值模拟,得出磁浮列车在不同运行速度下的气动阻力系数、升力系数及列车以430 km/h运行时的交会压力波幅值。此外,为优化气动外形方案,对3种方案进行综合比较分析。研究结果表明:随着流线型头部长度的增加,列车空气动力性能提高;在车头流线型长度相同的情况下,随着最大纵剖面轮廓线曲率的变小,交会压力波降低,水平投影轮廓线变宽,列车阻力增加;最优方案为列车交会压力波和空气阻力均较小、流线型头部为扁梭形的方案三。

Abstract: To reduce aerodynamic drag and air pressure pulse of two trains meeting each other, and to increase aerodynamic lift, three streamline frontal shapes of high-speed maglev vehicle were designed according to the given section of train. Based on N- S equation of the compressible viscous fluid and k-ε turbulence model, aerodynamic drag and lift coefficient at different running speeds and air pressure pulse of two trains meeting each other of the TR08 train and other three Maglev trains were calculated with finite volume method. The calculation results show that aerodynamic performance can be improved with the increase of streamline frontal length; while the length of streamline shapes is the same, air pressure pulse can reduce as the curvature contour-line of upright projection becomes smaller and the aerodynamic drag can increase as the contour-line of horizontal projection becomes wider. The third scheme, whose streamline frontal shape is shuttle shape, with lowest air pressure pulse and aerodynamic drag, was selected as the optimization scheme.