轨道间隙对磁浮列车气动性能的影响

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2020年第12期

论文作者:周丹 孟石 孟爽

文章页码:3537 - 3546

关键词:磁浮列车;轨道间隙;横风;气动升力;表面压力

Key words:maglev train; track clearance; crosswind; air lift; surface pressure

摘    要:为了研究轨道间隙对磁浮列车气动性能的影响,采用三维、定常、不可压缩雷诺时均方程和标准k-ε双方程湍流模型,模拟无风及横风条件下不同轨道间隙下2车编组磁悬浮列车气动性能。研究结果表明:通过风洞试验验证,列车表面压力的数值模拟结果与试验数据变化规律一致,幅值相差不超过10%;在无风条件下,随着轨道间隙增大,在列车头车流线型及整车非流线型部分,列车与轨道之间空气流速呈增大趋势,而在尾车流线型部分,列车与轨道之间速度略有减小趋势,列车鼻尖点附近车底压力突变幅增大,头车升力减小,尾车升力增大;当轨道间隙由8 mm增大到20 mm时,头车升力减小36.01%,尾车升力增大10.09%,当横风风速为20 m/s时,随着轨道间隙增大,在头尾车鼻尖点附近位置,车轨之间空气流速随轨道间隙增大而减小,在头车流线型其他位置及非流线型部分,车轨之间速度随轨道间隙增大而增大,整车非流线型及尾车流线型部分底面压力略有增大的趋势;头尾车升力均随轨道间隙增大而减小,轨道间隙由8 mm增大到20 mm时,头车升力减小6.34%,尾车升力减小3.06%;不同轨道间隙下列车周围流场结构的差异主要体现在列车底部与轨道顶部之间,改变轨道间隙会改变列车底部与轨道顶部之间的气流速度,从而影响列车底部气动压力,改变列车升力,影响列车运行的平稳性。

Abstract: Three-dimension, steady and incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), combined with the standard k-ε model, was used to study the influence of the track clearance on the aerodynamic performance of maglev trains with or without the cross wind. The results show that the numerical data of surface pressure of train is consistent with that measured data in wind tunnel experiment, and the error is within 10%. When there is no wind, the air velocity between train and track increases in the streamlined part of head car and non-streamlined part of the whole car with the increase of track clearance, but a sight decrease of the air velocity is found between the tail car and the track. Meanwhile, pressure near the nose under the head car increases with the track clearance increasing. The lift force of the head car will decrease by 36.01%, while the tail car increases by 10.09% when the track clearance increases from 8 mm to 20 mm. When the cross wind is 20 m/s, the air velocity between the train and the track near the nose decreases with the increase of the track clearance, while the air velocity of other positions increases. Meanwhile, pressure under the train has a slight increase with increasing track clearance except the head car. Besides, the lift force of the head and tail cars respectively decreases by 6.34% and 3.06% when the track clearance increases from 8 mm to 20 mm. The difference of the flow field structure around the train with different track clearance mainly occurs between the bottom of the train and the track. The change of track gap will lead to the subsequent change of air velocity between the bottom of train and the track, which will lead to the change of lift force, and then affect the stability of train operation.

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