渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷潜山中生界火山岩储层特征及成储机制

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2021年第3期

论文作者:孟凡超 周立宏 魏嘉怡 崔岩 楼达 陈世悦 鄢继华

文章页码:859 - 876

关键词:渤海湾盆地;黄骅坳陷;潜山;火山岩储层;储层特征;成储机制

Key words:Bohai Bay Basin; Huanghua Depression; buried hills; volcanic reservoir; reservoir characteristics; formation mechanism

摘    要:中生界火山岩是渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷潜山勘探的重要目标之一。受复杂的构造演化影响,潜山火山岩储层的类型与成储机制复杂,限制火山岩油气的勘探开发。通过岩心观察、铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察、常规孔渗、压汞和流体包裹体均一温度测试,结合录井、测井、地震和试油试采等资料,研究黄骅坳陷潜山中生界火山岩储层特征、控制因素、储层类型、成储机制及模式。研究结果表明:黄骅坳陷潜山中生界火山岩岩性可分为3大类17小类,岩相可分为4类岩相7种亚相。火山岩非均质性强,总体上属于中孔、低渗储层。火山岩储集空间类型可分为原生孔隙、次生孔隙和裂缝3大类。火山岩储层成岩作用可划分为冷凝固结成岩阶段、岩浆期后热液阶段、表生成岩阶段和埋藏成岩阶段,共包含12种成岩作用类型,每种成岩作用对应形成不同的储集空间类型。岩性岩相类型、风化淋滤作用和断裂作用是影响黄骅坳陷中生界火山岩储层储集性能的主要因素。根据火山岩储集空间类型和主控因素,潜山火山岩储层类型可划分为风化淋滤型、埋藏溶蚀型和原生气孔型3种,每种类型储层成岩演化过程与成储机理各有不同。风化淋滤型储层的储集空间以次生裂缝和次生溶蚀孔隙为主,靠近不整合面和断裂分布,是潜山表层的主要储层类型,主要受地表风化淋滤作用形成。埋藏溶蚀型储层以溶蚀形成的次生孔隙为主,靠近断裂分布,烃源岩释放的酸性流体是储层形成的关键因素。原生气孔型储层的储集空间主要为原生气孔和成岩裂缝,是潜山内幕的主要储层类型,储层的形成主要受岩浆冷凝固结成岩作用控制。

Abstract: Mesozoic volcanic rocks are the important targets for exploration of buried hills in Huanghua Depression, Bohai Bay Basin. The types and formation mechanism of volcanic reservoirs from buried hills are quite complicated due to complex tectonic evolution, which restrictes the exploration and development of volcanic oil and gas. Based on logging, drilling, seismic profile, oil testing and production testing data, characteristics, controlling factors and reservoir-forming mechanism, types of Mesozoic volcanic reservoirs from buried hills in Huanghua Depression were studied by means of a series of analytical testing methods such as core observation, casting thin sections scanning identification, conventional porosity and permeability test, mercury injection experiment and fluid inclusions homogenization temperature analysis. The results show that Mesozoic volcanic rocks from buried hills in Huanghua Depression can be divided into 3 major types and 17 sub-types in lithology, and 4 lithofacies and 7 sub-facies in lightfacies. The volcanic reservoirs are highly heterogeneous, belonging to medium porosity and low permeability reservoirs as a whole. The volcanic reservoir space is mainly divided into primary pore, secondary pore and fracture. There are 4 volcanic diagenesis stages, including cooling and consolidation stage, magmatic hydrothermal stage, supergene stage and burial stage, which consists of 12 types of diagenesis. Each type of diagenesis corresponds to different reservoir types. The main controlling factors of Mesozoic volcanic reservoirs in Huanghua Depression include lithology-lithofacies type, weathering-leaching and fracture process. According to volcanic reservoir types and main controlling factors, Mesozoic volcanic reservoirs are classified as primary pore type, weathering-leaching type and buried dissolution type. The diagenetic evolution processes and formation mechanisms of each reservoir type are quite different. As an important reservoir type of surface buried hills, the weathering-leaching reservoir is mainly composed of secondary fractures and dissolution pores, close to unconformities and fractures. It is mainly formed by surface weathering and leaching. Buried dissolution reservoirs contain a large number of dissolution pores, and distribute along the faults. The key factor for this reservoir is the acidic fluid released by source rocks. The primary pore reservoirs retain a large number of primary pores and fractures, which are the important interior reservoirs of buried hills. It is mainly controlled by the magmatism.

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