石墨烯表面Lin(n<10)沉积行为的第一性原理计算

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报优先出版第20210813期

论文作者:沈丁 王来贵 唐树伟 高思达 孙闻 董伟 杨绍斌

文章页码:92 - 102

关键词:锂离子电池;石墨烯;Lin团聚体;第一性原理;沉积行为

Key words:lithium ion battery, graphene, Lin agglomerates, first-principles, deposition behavior

摘    要:采用基于密度泛函的第一性原理,计算研究了锂离子电池石墨烯表面Li原子或团聚体Lin(n<10)的沉积行为。结果表明,当Li原子数n≤2时,Li原子优先以分散的形式沉积在石墨烯碳六元环中心上方;当n≥3时,Li原子优先以团聚体的形式沉积在石墨烯表面,可能形成稳定的Li4、Li7和Li9团聚体。这表明石墨烯的最大储锂容量可能超过石墨,但容易形成锂枝晶。Li原子的电子转移至临近石墨烯的反键π轨道,Li原子的2s轨道和C原子的2p轨道出现明显的杂化现象。随着n增大,体系的费米能级向石墨烯反键π轨道移动,金属性和电子导电性增强。Lin团聚体底层的Li-Li键通常为离子键,最外层的Li-Li键通常为共价键;Li-C键为具有部分共价键属性的离子键,并且Li-C键强度随着n的增大而逐减小。

Abstract: Deposition behavior of Li atoms or aggregates Lin (n<10) on graphene negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries was investigated by the first principles calculations based on density functional theory. The calculation result shows that Li atom preferentially deposits above the center of the carbon six-membered ring of graphene in a dispersed form when n≤2. As the number of Li atoms increases, Li atoms preferentially aggregate to reunite and deposit on graphene when n≥3. It is possible to form Li4, Li7 and Li9 stable agglomerates in the charging process of the lithium ion battery, which indicates that the maximum lithium storage capacity of graphene may exceed that of graphite. However, the lithium dendrites would be formed easily. The electronic structure analysis shows that the electrons of Li atom or Lin aggregates transfer to the anti-bonded π orbital of graphene, and the 2s orbital of Li atom and the 2p orbital of C atom are obviously hybridized. The Fermi level of the system moves to the graphene anti-bond π orbital as the number of Li atoms n increases, which led to the result that the metallicity and electronic conductivity increase. The Li-Li bond at the bottom of the Lin agglomerate is usually an ionic bond and the outermost Li-Li bond is usually a covalent bond. The Li-C bond between the Lin agglomerate and graphene is an ionic bond with partial covalent bond property and the strength of the Li-C bond gradually decreases as the number of Li atoms n increases.

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