一种前轮驱动自行车机器人的非完整约束

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2011年第z1期

论文作者:黄用华 廖启征 魏世民 郭磊

文章页码:512 - 518

关键词:自行车机器人;非完整约束;前轮驱动;惯性测量单元;编码器

Key words:bicycle robot; nonholonomic constraints; front-wheel drive; inertial measurement unit; encoder

摘    要:提出递推计算1种前轮驱动自行车机器人系统非完整速度约束的方法,并进行物理样机实验验证。引入随动和半随动坐标系描述系统运动,并利用刚体间的相对运动关系推导出该自行车机器人各刚体运动参数,结合车轮纯滚动条件建立了其递推形式非完整速度约束方程。综合安装在车架上的惯性测量单元以及安装在前后轮、车把上的光电编码器的实测信息,利用1台实物自行车机器人样机对所建立的非完整运动约束方程进行实验验证。结果表明:自行车机器人系统只有车架的横滚角速度、车把的转动角速度以及前轮的驱动角速度3个独立速度,车架航向角速度和后轮相对车架的转动速度是这3个独立速度的函数;传感器测量结果与非完整运动约束方程数值计算结果吻合,验证所建立的非完整运动约束方程是可信的。

Abstract: A recursion computing method with nonholonomic constraints of a front-wheel driven bicycle robot was proposed and validation experiments were carried out on a physical prototype. Follow-up coordinate system and partly follow-up coordinate system were adopted to describe the movement of the robot. Movement parameters were derived according to the principle of relative motion between adjacent bodies and recursion form constraint equations were deduced based on the assumption of rolling without slipping of wheels. Combining measuring information of inertial measurement unit on the frame and encoders on joints, experiment was carried out on a real robot. The results show that, there are only three independent speeds in the system, which are the rolling speed of the frame, the rotational speed of the front-fork and the rotational speed of the front wheel, and yaw angle rotational speed of the front-fork and rotational speed of rear wheel are both the function of the three independent speeds. The experimental data are consistent with the theoretical analysis results from the derived equations, which validate the proposal nonholonomic constraints accordingly.

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