层状双金属氢氧化物催化生物质热解制高品质合成气应用前景展望

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2021年第6期

论文作者:华栋梁 赵文祥 杨双霞 陈雷 孙来芝 谢新苹 伊晓路 司洪宇 赵保峰

文章页码:2040 - 2052

关键词:生物质;热转化;合成气;催化剂;层状双金属氢氧化物

Key words:biomass; thermal conversion; syngas; catalyst; layered double hydroxides

摘    要:合成气是制备生物质基液体燃料和高附加值化学品的重要原料,热解是实现生物质在低温下向高品质合成气转化的有效途径之一。在热解过程中,催化剂能够促进生物质热解挥发分中焦油大分子的裂解、重整转化,降低CO2和CH4等气体组分体积分数,同时通过水汽变换反应调整气体组分,最终实现合成气的净化和调变,而高活性、热稳定和抗积碳催化剂的设计研发始终是生物质热转化过程的研究热点和难点。针对生物质热转化过程,本文综述了催化剂活性组分调变、载体组成结构修饰和物化特性优化3个方面最新研究进展。针对催化剂在反应过程中易高温烧结、积碳失活问题,结合层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs,水滑石)材料独特的层板元素比例可调、金属阳离子呈原子水平分散、物化结构特性以及其作为催化剂前体/载体在多相催化领域的优异性能,展望了LDHs材料在生物质催化热解制高品质合成气的应用前景。以LDHs作为催化剂前体,经拓扑结构转变制备的金属/金属氧化物复合材料(M/MMO)可实现活性组分的高度分散和酸碱性调控,进而有效解决热转化过程中催化剂高温烧结问题,并抑制积碳形成,促进生物质向高品质合成气的高效、稳定转化。

Abstract: Syngas was an important raw material for producing liquid fuels and a variety of high value-added products. Pyrolysis technology was one of the effective ways to produce synthesis high quality syngas from biomass at low temperature. During pyrolysis progress, tar macromolecules in pyrolytic volatiles can be effectively decomposed and reformed by catalyst. At the same time, the volume fraction of CO2 and CH4 can decrease and the gas components can be modulated via water gas shift reaction, resulting in producing high quality syngas. However, design and development of catalysts with high activity, thermal stability and suppression of coke deposition have been the hotspots and difficulties. In this paper, the latest research progress in terms of active composition modulation, structure and physicochemical properties optimization of support during catalytic pyrolysis of biomass were comprehensively reviewed. Due to the tunability of metal component and content in layers, high dispersion of metal cations on an atomic level and unique basic properties, LDHs materials show excellent performances in heterogeneous catalysis. Therefore, their potential application in biomass catalytic pyrolysis for syngas production was prospected here. The mixed metal and metal oxides(M/MMO) derived from LDHs precursors via topotactic transformation exhibit highly dispersed active component and tunable acid-base properties, which can effectively resolve the problem of sintering at high temperature and formation of coke. As a result, biomass can be converted into high quality syngas efficiently and stably.

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