生物浸出中黄铜矿与铁离子间的相互影响

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2015年第9期

论文作者:刘文彦 孟春瑜 刘兴宇 陈勃伟 温建康

文章页码:3176 - 3183

关键词:生物浸出;黄铜矿;铁离子;钝化;相互影响

Key words:bioleaching; chalcopyrite; iron ion; passivation; interaction

摘    要:使用中等嗜热兼性自养细菌在不同反应体系下进行黄铜矿浸出的研究,通过监测反应过程中pH、氧化还原电位和铁、铜离子质量浓度的变化,以及对矿渣进行扫描电镜观察及微区分析(SEM-EDS)和X线衍射(XRD)分析,进而分析黄铜矿与铁离子间的相互关系。研究结果表明:在细菌存在的条件下,向Fe2+与Fe3+质量浓度相同(ρ(Fe2+):ρ(Fe3+)=1:1)的溶液中加入黄铜矿后,Fe2+的氧化速率迅速升高,氧化还原电位快速升高,在较短时间内,Fe2+基本被氧化完毕,并且黄铜矿促进Fe3+水解生成沉淀;铁离子对黄铜矿的生物浸出具有重要影响,较高质量浓度的且具有一定Fe3+与Fe2+质量浓度比的溶液,在前期可以提高黄铜矿的浸出速率,但在中后期会加剧黄铜矿的钝化反应,最终降低铜的浸出率;在黄铜矿的微生物浸出中,有铁矾类物质生成,铁矾的形成与铁离子质量浓度有关,高质量浓度的铁离子加速铁矾的生成。

Abstract: The bioleachingof chalcopyritewith iron ion was studied in different reaction systems in the presence of moderately thermophilic and facultative autotrophic bacteria by analyzing the variation of pH, oxidation-reduction potential and the mass concentration of iron and cupric ion during the reaction process. The residue was also observed by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the mutual influences between chalcopyrite and iron ions were analyzed. The results show that the oxidation rate of Fe2+ and the value of redox potential increase dramatically after adding chalcopyrite into the solution containing the same mass concentration of Fe2+ and Fe3+ (ρ(Fe2+):ρ(Fe3+)=1:1). Almost all Fe2+ are oxidized in relatively a short period of time. The chalcopyrite enhances the formation of precipitates of Fe3+. Iron ions play an important role in the bioleaching of chalcopyrite, and relatively higher mass concentration of iron ion can improve the leaching rate in early stage; however, higher mass concentration of iron ion can also lead to severe passivation of chalcopyrite in the later period, and finally reduce the fraction of extracted copper. Potassium jarosite is formed during the bioleaching process, the formation of jarosite is related to the mass concentration of iron ion, and it is promoted by high mass concentration of iron ion.

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