微生物-化学联合工艺脱除沼渣中重金属的研究

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2021年第6期

论文作者:艾仙斌 李晓晖 黄凯 孙小艳 吴永明

文章页码:2071 - 2080

关键词:沼渣;重金属;微生物浸出;化学浸出;固液分相

Key words:biogas residue; heavy metal; bioleaching; chemical leaching; solid-liquid separation

摘    要:我国畜禽养殖粪污产生量大,多将其制沼气,但粪污中含有大量重金属,严重制约沼液和沼渣的资源化利用,为此提出采用微生物-化学联合工艺脱除沼渣中重金属。首先,采用以嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌为优势菌种的菌液进行沼渣中重金属的微生物浸出,接种菌液的体积分数为10%,并向沼液沼渣混合体系中添加质量浓度为2 g/L的S和3 g/L的Fe2+,浸出时间为48 h;其次,采用化学浸出法进一步脱除沼渣中重金属,浸出剂选用总浓度为0.1 mol/L的混合溶液(柠檬酸和乙酸的浓度比为1?1),浸出时间为24 h;最后,浸出结束后添加质量分数为5%的膨润土作为聚沉剂。研究结果表明:经联合工艺浸出后,沼渣中铜和锌浸出率分别为89.7%和91.9%,此时沼渣中铜和锌质量分数分别为0.155 mg/g和0.248 mg/g,酸度为4.13,达到农用污泥中污染物控制标准。微生物浸出可缩短沼液沼渣分相时间,在最佳浸出条件下,沼液沼渣分相时间仅需20 min,化学浸出后固液分相时间仅约7 min。处理后沼渣中有机质、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的质量分数分别为2.74%,4.31%和49.35%,符合有机肥应用要求。微生物-化学联合工艺大幅降低了沼渣中重金属质量分数,并实现畜禽粪便的资源化利用。

Abstract: There is a large amount of livestock manure in China, which is often used to produce biogas. However, there are a lot of heavy metals in the manure, which seriously restricts the utilization of biogas slurry and biogas residue. A combined process of bioleaching and chemical leaching was proposed to remove heavy metals from biogas residue. Firstly, the bioleaching of heavy metals from biogas residue was carried out by bacteria with thiobacillus acidophilus oxide as the dominant strain. The volume fraction of inoculated bacteria solution was 10%, the mass concentration of 2 g/L S and 3 g/L Fe2+ were added to the mixture system of biogas residue, and the leaching time was 48 h. Secondly, the heavy metals in the residue were further removed by chemical leaching. The mixture of citric acid and acetic acid with a total concentration of 0.1 mol/L was selected as the leaching agent. The concentration ratio of citric acid and acetic acid was 1:1, and the leaching time was 24 h. Thirdly, bentonite with mass fraction of 5% was added as the precipitator after the chemical leaching. The results show that the leaching rates of copper and zinc in biogas residue are 89.7% and 91.9%, respectively. At this time, the mass fraction of copper and zinc in biogas residue is 0.155 mg/g and 0.248 mg/g, respectively, and the acidity is 4.13 which reaches the control standard of pollution in agricultural sluge. Bioleaching can shorten the phase separation time of biogas slurry and biogas residue, the separation time of biogas slurry and biogas residue is only 20 min under the optimum leaching conditions, and the solid-liquid phase separation time after chemical leaching is only about 7 min. The mass fraction of organic matter, total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) in the treated biogas residue are 2.74%, 4.31% and 49.35%, respectively, which meets the application requirements of organic fertilizer. In conclusion, the combined bioleaching and chemical leaching treatment method can significantly reduce the mass fraction of heavy metals in biogas residue and realize the resources utilization of livestock manure.

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