香港商用建筑空调负荷特性

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2012年第z1期

论文作者:綦戎辉 吕琳 杨洪兴

文章页码:246 - 251

关键词:空调系统;负荷;显热负荷;潜热负荷;商用建筑

Key words:air conditioning; load profile; sensible load; latent load; commercial buildings

摘    要:研究香港3种典型商用建筑(写字楼、酒店及商场)中的空调负荷组成及特性,并根据香港的天气状况,重点分析显热及潜热负荷的比例及变化规律。模拟及分析结果表明:冷负荷(显热)及除湿负荷(潜热)占商用建筑全年空调负荷中超过98%的份额。值得注意的是除湿负荷在总负荷中十分重要,特别是在酒店建筑中(约50%)。其次,在潜热负荷中,通风负荷占到很大的比例(全年平均值:酒店81.8%, 办公室67.5%),而显热负荷的主要组成部分为房间负荷(全年平均值:酒店67.3%, 办公室87.8%)。由于香港商用建筑中的潜热负荷比例较高,导致全年中需要再热的时间很长(相对湿度设定点54%的情况下,全年有60%~90%的时间需要再热)。因此,传统冷却除湿的空调系统并不适用于香港商用建筑,而采用可将潜热和显热负荷分开处理的温湿度独立处理空调系统则会产生较好的效果。根据典型日的负荷分析可知,这一新系统的引入对于酒店建筑中的节能及环境改善效果是最为明显的。

Abstract:

The detailed AC load profiles of three typical commercial buildings in Hong Kong were investigated, which are office, hotel and retail. According to the simulation results, it is noticed that the cooling sensible and dehumidification loads take more than 98% in the total annual load. The dehumidification load plays a significant role, especially in the hotel building (about 50%). Moreover, the results show that the ventilation load occupies a large percentage in the dehumidification load (annual average: 81.8% for hotel, 67.5% for office), and the major component in the cooling load is the space load (annual average: 67.3% for hotel, 87.8% for office). Because of the high dehumidification load, high reheat ratio (60%?90% with RH set point 54%) and composition characteristic of the load, the independent control air conditioning system is proved to be suitable for Hong Kong commercial buildings. And the system is suggested to deal with the space load and ventilation load separately. As the highest dehumidification load, reheat ratio and ventilation load ratio, the application of novel system will lead to greatest indoor environment promotion and energy saving in the hotel building.

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