超声强化纳米固体碱催化大豆油酯交换制备生物柴油的动力学

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2011年第4期

论文作者:任庆功 阎杰 丘泰球

文章页码:903 - 908

关键词:超声;反应动力学;氟化钾/γ-氧化铝;催化剂;大豆油;酯交换;生物柴油

Key words:ultrasonic; kinetics; KF/γ-Al2O3; catalyst; soybean oil; transesterification; biodiesel

摘    要:以大豆油为原料,以纳米 KF/γ-Al2O3 为催化剂催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油;考察超声和机械搅拌对酯交换反应的影响,并在酯交换反应机理的基础上探讨超声强化纳米KF/γ-Al2O3催化酯交换反应动力学。研究结果表明:机械搅拌下纳米 KF/γ-Al2O3 催化大豆油酯交换反应在反应初始阶段是拟二级反应,而后为一级反应,后期转为零级反应,反应初期的反应活化能Ea为21.03 kJ/mol,指前因子K0为846.49 L/(mol·min);超声强化纳米 KF/γ-Al2O3催化酯交换反应动力学过程与常规法的动力学过程基本一致,反应初始阶段为拟二级反应,而后转为一级和零级,反应初期的K0为76.33 L/(mol·min),活化能Ea为12.99 kJ/mol,该活化能比机械搅拌下酯交换反应的略低,表明在超声作用下,酯交换反应更容易进行;超声强化酯交换反应速率常数比常规方法的高,从而反应能够短时间内达到平衡。

Abstract:

Transesterification of soybean oil and methanol to synthesis biodiesel with solid super base KF/γ-Al2O3 as the catalyst was studied. Effects of experimental parameters including ultrasonic and mechanical stirring on the transesterification of soybean oil and methanol were investigated. Based on the transesterification mechanism, the macro kinetic equation of triglycerides transesterification was obtained. The results show that the reaction of transesterification is the second grade reaction of increase stage at the beginning and finally reaches the one and zero grade reaction with the transesterification during mechanical stirring. The reactive activation energy is 21.03 kJ/mol and the pre-exponential factor is 846.49 L/(mol·min) of the transesterification using the nano KF/γ-Al2O3 as catalyst. The kinetics of the transesterification during ultrasonic irradiation is basically the same as that of mechanical stirring, and the second grade reaction of increase stage at the beginning and finally reaches the one and zero grade reaction with the transesterification. The reactive activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the transesterification during ultrasonic irradiation is 12.99 kJ/mol and 76.33 L/(mol·min), respectively. Compared with that of mechanical stirring, the reactive activation energy is lower, and the reaction rate is higher during ultrasonic irradiation, which means the transesterification reaction is easily progressed and reaches the reaction equilibrium in a short time.

基金信息:广州市科技计划项目

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