山苍籽核仁油合成生物柴油研究

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2009年第6期

论文作者:蔡海清 钟世安 艾海东

文章页码:1517 - 1521

关键词:山苍籽核仁油;生物柴油;酯化;酯交换;相转移催化剂

Key words:litsea cubeba kernel oil; biodiesel; esterification; transesterification; phase transfer catalyst

摘    要:以山苍籽核仁油为原料,采用固体酸催化酯化-相转移催化酯交换反应合成生物柴油。从固体酸SO42-/ZrO2为催化剂进行酯化反应降低酸值,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)/NaOH为相转移催化剂进行酯交换反应,得到合成生物柴油的优化工艺条件。研究结果表明,固体酸SO42-/ZrO2催化酯化反应的最佳条件为:油重4%的SO42-/ZrO2,醇油摩尔比为10:1,温度为68 ℃,反应时间为4 h,原油酸值降到2.52 mg/g;该法相对浓硫酸催化酯化法具有不需耐酸设备、催化剂易回收、无废水排放等优点;相转移催化酯交换反应的最佳条件为:温度为 25 ℃,0.5%的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,油重1%的NaOH,醇油摩尔比为6:1,反应15 min,原油酯交换率达到97.6%;采用相转移催化技术,反应在常温下进行,大大减少了能耗,缩短了反应时间,具有的产业化前景。

Abstract: The production technology of biodiesel from litsea cubeba kernel oil with solid acid-esterification and phase transfer catalyst-transesterification was studied. First, litsea cubeba kernel oil was esterified with methanol catalyzed by solid acids SO42-/ZrO2, and then the first reaction product was transesterified with methanol catalyzed by the phase transfer catalyst of hexadecyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTMAB)/NaOH. The results show that the optimal parameters of esterification are as follows: 4% of SO42-/ZrO2, molar ratio of methanol to litsea cubeba kernel oil 10:1, 68 ℃ of reaction temperature and 4 h of reaction time, the acid value decreases to 2.52 mg/g. Compared with the traditional acidic-catalyzed method, this method has the advantages of no acid proof equipment, easy to recycle catalyst and no acidic waste water emission. The optimal parameters of transesterification are as follows: 25 ℃ of reaction temperature, 0.5% of hexadecyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide, 1% of NaOH, molar ratio of methanol to the oil 6:1 and 15 min of reaction time. The ester exchanging rate is 97.6%. This method adopts phase transfer catalyst and produces industry prospect, which has many advantages such as energy-saving and time-saving under room temperature.

基金信息:湖南省自然科学基金资助项目
湖南省科技攻关计划项目

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