基于有限单元法的裂纹梁结构疲劳寿命预测模型

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2020年第4期

论文作者:刘义伦 龙慧 李松柏

文章页码:953 - 962

关键词:裂纹梁;有限单元法;振动;疲劳裂纹扩展

Key words:cracked beam; finite element method; vibration; fatigue crack growth

摘    要:为了准确预测裂纹梁结构的疲劳寿命,提出一种裂纹梁结构的振动与疲劳裂纹扩展耦合分析方法。首先,基于有限单元法建立裂纹梁结构的动力学模型;然后,根据裂纹梁单元的特点,推导裂纹梁单元的应力强度因子表达式,在此基础上应用Walker方程建立疲劳裂纹扩展增量计算式,再基于振动响应与裂纹扩展循环同步分析法,计算疲劳裂纹扩展寿命;基于该疲劳寿命预测模型,分析激振频率、激振力幅值和应力比对裂纹梁疲劳寿命的影响;最后,对裂纹梁进行疲劳试验,将试验测量结果与模型计算结果进行比较,验证所提出模型的准确性。研究结果表明:提出的疲劳寿命预测模型较好地表征了疲劳裂纹扩展寿命与其结构参数之间的内在关系,反映了振动对裂纹梁结构疲劳寿命的影响;随着激振频率接近固有频率,裂纹扩展速率增大,裂纹梁的疲劳寿命明显降低;随着激振力幅值增大,裂纹梁的应力强度因子幅增大,疲劳裂纹扩展寿命降低;随着应力比增加,裂纹梁的疲劳寿命显著提高。

Abstract: Based on the coupling analysis of vibration and fatigue crack growth, a method was proposed for fatigue life predication of cracked beam structure. Firstly, dynamic model of a cracked beam structure was established by the finite element method. The stress intensity factor of cracked beam element was derived based on the characteristics of the beam element. Walker’s equation was employed to establish the fatigue crack growth increment. Then, the fatigue crack growth life was obtained through a procedure in which the vibrating response and the crack propagation were simultaneously calculated cyclically. Based on the fatigue life prediction model, the effects of the loading frequency, loading amplitude and stress ratio on the fatigue crack growth were studied. Finally, an experiment study was conducted to validate the proposed model with the comparison between the simulation results and the experimental results. The results show that the proposed model is capable of revealing the internal relationships between the fatigue crack growth and structure parameters and predicting the effects of vibration on the crack growth life. When the loading frequency is near the natural frequencies of the cracked beam, the fatigue life of the cracked beam decreases rapidly with the increase of the crack growth rate. The stress intensity factor range of the cracked beam increases with the increase of the loading amplitude, which leads to the decrease of the fatigue life. The fatigue life is improved significantly when the stress ratio increases.

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