含银铅锑多元合金真空蒸馏的元素挥发行为

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2012年第7期

论文作者:李亮 刘大春 杨斌 徐宝强 戴永年 周厚军

文章页码:2489 - 2494

关键词:脆硫铅锑矿;铅阳极泥;真空蒸馏;分离;富集银

Key words:jamesonite; lead anode slime; vacuum distillation; separation; silver enrichment

摘    要:以富集银为目的,采用真空蒸馏法研究含银铅锑多元合金在中真空(5~25 Pa)的条件下蒸馏过程中各元素的挥发行为,考察蒸馏温度、蒸馏时间对各元素脱除率的影响。实验结果表明:在系统压力为5~25 Pa,蒸馏温度为950 ℃,蒸馏时间≥45 min的条件下,Pb和Bi脱除率接近100%;As和Sb的挥发较为彻底,其脱除率分别达到96.3%和92.5%以上,而Ag和Cu基本不挥发。残留物的XRD分析结果表明,残留物中Cu与Sb形成化合物Cu2Sb及Cu10Sb3, Ag与Sb生成Ag3Sb, As与Cu生成Cu5As2, 使得Sb和As的挥发不够彻底。真空蒸馏法提供一种含银铅锑多元合金中Ag与贱金属分离的方法,使Ag能得到有效富集。

Abstract: The volatilization behavior of metals from silver-contained lead-antimony multi-component alloys was investigated by vacuum distillation process for the enrichment of silver under the condition of medium vacuum. The effects of distillation temperature, distillation time on metals’ removal rate were examined. Experimental results demonstrate that the removal rate of Bi and Pb is close to 100% at 950 ℃ for more than 45 min when the system pressure is 5 to 25 Pa, and more than 96.3% As and 92.5% Sb are volatilized although the results are not very ideal. Ag and Cu are basically non-volatile under the same conditions. XRD analysis indicates that the residual copper, antimony, silver and arsenic are present in phases of Cu2Sb, Cu10Sb3, Ag3Sb and Cu5As2. This is the reason why antimony and arsenic can not be volatilized thoroughly. The vacuum distillation process provides a simple, clean and efficient way for the separation of silver and other metals which compose the lead anode slime with high antimony and low silver. And the silver enrichment is efficient by vacuum distillation.

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