高温合金在能源工业领域中的应用现状与发展

来源期刊：金属学报2010年第5期

论文作者：郭建亭

文章页码：513 - 527

关键词：高温合金； 能源工业； 煤电； 气电； 核电； 油气开采

Key words：superalloy； energy industry； coal power； gas power； nuclear power； petroleum exploitation

摘    要：高温合金在能源领域中有着广泛的应用.煤电用高参数超超临界发电锅炉中,过热器和再过热器必须使用抗蠕变性能良好,在蒸汽侧抗氧化性能和在烟气侧抗腐蚀性能优异的高温合金管材;在气电用燃气轮机中,涡轮叶片和导向叶片需要使用抗高温腐蚀性能优良和长期组织稳定的抗热腐蚀高温合金;在核电领域中,蒸汽发生器传热管必须选用抗溶液腐蚀性能良好的高温合金;在煤的气化和节能减排领域,广泛采用抗高温热腐蚀和抗高温磨蚀性能优异的高温合金;在石油和天然气开采,特别是深井开采中,钻具处于4-150℃的酸性环境中,加之CO₂,H₂S和泥沙等的存在,必须采用耐蚀耐磨高温合金.本文简要介绍了国内外高温合金在上述领域中应用的现状与发展.

Abstract: Superalloys are extensively applied in the fields of energy industry.In the high parameter ultra-supercritical boiler used for coal-fired generation,superheater/reheater tubes must be made of superalloys which meet the requirement of good creep resistant,good fire-side corrosion resistant and steam-side oxidation resistant properties.In gas turbine engine used for gas power, turbine blades and guide vanes should be made of hot-corrosion resistant superalloys which must meet the requirements with respect to excellent high temperature corrosion resistance and long-term microstructural stability.In the field of nuclear power,heat exchange tubes used for steam generator require superalloys with excellent solution corrosion resistance.In the field of coal gasification and energy conservation and pollution reduction,the superalloys with excellent hot corrosion resistant and high temperature wear resistant properties are widely applied.In petroleum exploitation,especially in deep mining,drilling tools must be made of corrosion resistant and wear resistant superalloys because of the sour environment,the temperature of 4-150℃and the existences of CO₂,H₂S,sand and so on.This paper makes a brief introduction on the current situation of application and development of the superalloys at home and abroad in these fields.