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is the friction coefficient. 3.3.3 Bond model In the bond model, particles are allowed to be bonded together by glue at contacts. Normally, the glue has a certain strength, and it is broken when the contact force......
, and edges connect the reciprocal neighbors. The Jaccard similarity coefficient J(i, i′) denotes the weight of the attached edge w. The attached edge weight w between images i and i′ is defined as follows......
in the tangential direction; kn and ks are the normal and tangential contact stiffness, respectively; μ is the contact frictional coefficient. Rewriting Eqs. (10) and (11) in a weak form, we obtain......
objective function which is used to solve the conflict of the objectives by weight coefficient method. According to the loop switches hierarchical encoded scheme, a novel quantum particle swarm... the circumstance of w1=0 and w2=1, the reconfiguration objective is only the node importance degree. To verify the results presented in Tables 5 and 6, the extreme points the obtained optimal......
and the adaptive control method. An adaptive law is designed through the adaptive control method to online estimate the unknown parameters with respect to the control coefficient matrix and the external... 9, the data are extracted from the two curves to get the actual static pressure distribution of UAVs surface as follows. From Figure 4, we can see that the distribution about 2 level wind......
Al-Mg2Si composites, due to their proper cast-ability, light weight and good wear resistance, meet the demand of weight reduction and fuel saving for high-performance applications such as automotive and aerospace industries. These excellent properties are attributed to the presence of Mg2Si reinforcing phase with a high melting temperature, low density, high hardness, low coefficient of thermal......
, respectively, since AA 5052-H32 possesses lower tensile yield strength, strength coefficient and hardness than AA 6061-T6. The chemical composition, determined through EDX analysis on Zeiss Sigma 002-B......
is the coefficient; n is the number of individuals in a group. (b) Crossover. To enlarge the diversity and searching space, the crossover operation is needed to produce two new individuals by exchanging information... Performance evaluation Prediction performance can be evaluated by mean squared error (MSE) and linear correlation coefficient (R), which are expressed as follows [14]: ......
coefficient distribution of lining structures 震后衬砌结构拉,剪损伤分布情况如图8所示.损伤区主要分布在衬砌顶拱及其与边墙交界处,并且有向边墙扩展的趋势,其中拉裂损伤分布在主厂房顶拱顶部和顶拱与边墙交界处,主变室顶拱与边墙交界处,剪切损伤主要分布在主厂房和主变室顶拱与边墙处.结合图7~8可知:拉裂损伤区域损伤系数较大,衬砌损伤破坏严重,说明在进行衬砌结构......
to the lower diffusion coefficient for Li atom in Al matrix [36]. This may result in the Li: Cu atomic ratio less than 1.0 and in turn promotes the precipitation of θ' and χ. As such, the T1 phase has......
