中南大学学报(自然科学版)

药对川芎-羌活挥发油的气-质联用分析与化学计量学解析

李晓如,赵 君,兰正刚,梁逸曾

 (中南大学 化学化工学院,湖南 长沙,410083)

摘 要:采用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)法分离测定药对川芎-羌活、单味药川芎和羌活的挥发油成分,利用化学计量学解析法(CRM)对重叠的色谱峰进行解析,得到药对和各单味药的纯色谱曲线和质谱,通过质谱库对解析的纯组分进行定性,药对川芎-羌活、单味药川芎和羌活的定性分析结果分别为50,38和43个,占总含量的94.32%,83.19%和96.04%。实验结果表明,药对挥发油组分主要来自于单味药羌活,而化学组分种类基本上为2个单味药的加和,单味药挥发油组分的含量在药对中发生了变化。

关键词:

川芎羌活挥发油气相色谱-质谱化学计量学解析法

中图分类号:O657         文献标识码:A         文章编号:1672-7207(2007)04-0681-05

alysis of volatile oil in herbal pair Chuanxiong Rhizome-Notopterygium Root by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometric resolution method

LI Xiao-ru, ZHAO Jun, LAN Zheng-gang, LIANG Yi-zeng

 (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

Abstract: Analysis of volatile components in herbal pair (HP) Chuanxiong Rhizome-Notopterygium Root (CXR-NR), single herb CXR and NR was performed with two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) data coupled with chemometric resolution method (CRM). By means of these methods two-dimensional data, 38, 43 and 50 volatile chemical components in essential oil of CXR, NR, and HP CXR-NR were respectively determined qualitatively and quantitatively, accounting for 83.19%, 96.04%, and 94.32% total contents of essential oil of CXR, NR, and HP CXR-NR, respectively. The experimental results show that the number of volatile chemical components in CXR-NR, mainly from that of single herb NR, is almost equal to the sum of the number in the two single herbs, but the relative amounts, especially the ligustilide in CXR change.

Key words: Chuanxiong Rhizome; Notopterygium Root; essential oil; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; chemometric resolution method

                    

药对是中医临床上常用的、相对固定的两个单味药的配伍形式,是复方的最小组成单位[1] 。药对化学是复方化学的核心内容。分析药对中两药配伍后发生的化学变化和物理作用,就可阐明复方中药物的配伍机理,剖析和理解复方, 有利于药对的临床应用。

川芎-羌活为常用辛温解表药对[1]。川芎(Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort)辛温香窜,可活血行气,祛风止痛;羌活(Notopterygium forbesii Boiss)辛能发散,温能祛寒,苦能燥湿,既能发表散寒,又能除湿止痛[2]。川芎与羌活同用,临床应用广泛。挥发油成分是解表药对的药效物质之一[3],而药对川芎-羌活的挥发油成分未见报道。在此,本文作者分别提取川芎、羌活和药对川芎-羌活的挥发油,利用GC/MS对挥发油成分进行检测,利用化学计量学解析法(Chemometrics resolution method, CRM)[4-5]对重叠色谱峰进行分辨,继而凭质谱库对分辨的纯组分进行定性,用总体积积分法进行定量,比较药对与单味药挥发油成分的异同,分析单味药配伍后挥发油成分的变化。

1  实  验

1.1  仪器与药材

仪器为日本岛津QP2010型气相色谱-质谱联用仪。药材川芎和羌活购自湖南省长沙市九芝堂药店,经湖南中医药研究院中药研究所鉴定。

1.2  挥发油提取

药对挥发油的提取:称取干燥的川芎(Chuanxiong Rhizome, CXR)和羌活(Notopterygium Root, NR)各 100 g,混合,按中华人民共和国药典挥发油提取法 提取[6]

单味药挥发油的提取:分别称取干燥的川芎和羌活各100 g,按照以上方法提取。

1.3  挥发油的测定条件

色谱条件如下:色谱柱为OV-1(长度×直径为  30 m×0.25 mm)。 程序升温为起始温度50 ℃,以   2 ℃/min升至130 ℃,再以10 ℃/min升至240 ℃,维持22 min。载气为He;流速为1.0 mL/min;进样口温度为250 ℃,界面温度为280 ℃。

质谱条件如下:EI源电子能量为70 eV,离子源温度为230 ℃;倍增电压为1.28 kV,相对原子质量扫描范围为20~600;扫描速率为3.8 次/s,溶剂延迟2 min。

1.4  数据分析

数据分析在PentiumШ850计算机上进行,程序用Matlab6.1编写,所分辨的质谱在NIST107标准质谱库中检索。

2  结果与讨论

2.1  化学计量学解析

化学计量学解析法(CRM)是解析二维GC/MS数据的一种有效方法,其原理与解析方法见文献[4-5]。CRM已成功用于一些中药挥发油成分的分析[7-15]

2.2  挥发油成分的定性分析

图1所示为川芎、羌活和药对川芎-羌活的挥发油的GC/MS总离子流图(TIC),其中许多色谱峰产生重叠。以图1(b)中的峰簇A(保留时间为13.82~13.98 min,放大为图2)为例说明CRM的应用。

(a) 川芎; (b) 羌活; (c) 药对川芎-羌活

图1  川芎、羌活和药对川芎-羌活挥发油的GC/MS总离子流图

Fig.1 TICs of volatile oils from CXR, NR and HP CXR-NR

由图2可见,峰簇A色谱峰曲线较平滑,似乎是一个纯色谱峰。直接从色谱库中进行检索,峰簇A的中部为甲氧基苯基肟,相似度很高,为94%,但该峰左半部分与右半部分检索结果均不相同,且相似度都很低,这说明峰簇A是一个重叠峰。这种重叠峰直接从色谱库中进行检索的定性结果其可靠程度和准确度都较低,也难以进行定量分析。

图2  图1(b)中A峰的总离子流图

Fig.2  TIC of A peak cluster in Fig.1(b)

应用CRM分析,表明峰簇A是一个三组分体系(见图3)。根据各组分的纯色谱曲线和质谱,再将它们与NIST库进行匹配,可检索到3种组分,分别为3-乙基-2, 4-二甲基-戊烷,1-乙基-4-甲基苯和4-甲基壬烷,相似度分别为96.82%,99.27%和97.14%,相对含量分别为0.06%,0.41%和0.10%,其相应的标准质谱与解析所得的质谱图如图4~6所示。

1—3-乙基-2,4-二甲基-戊烷;2—1-乙基-4-甲基苯;

3—4-甲基壬烷

图3  A峰解析后的色谱图

Fig.3  Resolved chromatograms of A peak cluster

(a) 3-乙基-2,4-二甲基-戊烷的标准质谱; (b) 解析质谱

图4  3-乙基-2,4-二甲基-戊烷的标准质谱与解析质谱

Fig.4  Standard mass spectrum and resolved mass spectrum of 3-ethyl-2, 4-dimethyl-pentane

(a) 1-乙基-4-甲基苯的标准质谱; (b) 解析质谱

图5  1-乙基-4-甲基苯的标准质谱与解析质谱

Fig.5  Standard mass spectrum and resolved mass spectrum of 1-ethyl-4-methyl-benzene

(a) 4-甲基壬烷的标准质谱; (b) 解析质谱

图6  4-甲基壬烷的标准质谱与解析质谱

Fig.6  Standard mass spectrum and resolved mass spectrum of 4-methyl-nonane

按照同样的方法,对羌活的TIC图中其他保留时间段的色谱与川芎和川芎-羌活TIC图,利用CRM逐步进行分辨,可得到组分的纯质谱,再用质谱库对分辨出的组分进行质谱定性检索,得到组分定性结果。川芎-羌活、川芎和羌活挥发油定性鉴定的组分分别为50,38和43个。

2.3  挥发油化学成分的定量分析

采用总体积积分法对解析后的所有色谱峰积分,得到各个组分的定量分析结果,川芎,羌活和药对川芎-羌活定性组分含量分别占总含量的83.19%,96.04% 和94.32%,三者的挥发油的主要化学成分见表1。

表1  川芎、羌活和药对川芎-羌活挥发油中的主要化学成分

Table 1  Main chemical components of volatile oils from CXR, NR and herbal pair CXR-NR

2.4  单味药与药对挥发油成分的比较与分析

由表1可见,川芎挥发油主要组分为藁本内酯,丁烯基苯酞,松油烯-4-醇,2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚,丁基苯酞和γ-萜品烯;羌活挥发油主要组分为β-蒎烯,α-蒎烯,γ-萜品烯,D-柠檬烯,β-伞花烃,茅苍术醇和松油烯-4-醇;药对川芎-羌活挥发油主要组分为β-蒎烯,α-蒎烯,γ-萜品烯,D-柠檬烯,β-伞花烃,藁本内酯),松油烯-4-醇,丁烯基苯酞)和茅苍术醇。从挥发油组分数量及含量来看,药对挥发油组分主要来自于单味药羌活,但化学组分种类基本为2个单味药的加和,单味药挥发油组分的含量在药对中发生了变化。

3  结  论

a. 药对挥发油组分主要来自于单味药羌活,但化学组分种类基本为2个单味药的加和,单味药挥发油组分的含量在药对中发生了变化。

b. 药对川芎-羌活挥发油主要组分为β-蒎烯(24.71%),α-蒎烯(22.88%),γ-萜品烯(13.74%),D-柠檬烯(8.73%),β-伞花烃(5.67%),藁本内酯(3.10%),松油烯-4-醇(2.53%),丁烯基苯酞(1.57%)和茅苍术醇(1.50%)。

参考文献:

[1] 胥庆华, 刘丽云, 赵瑞华. 中药药对大全[M]. 北京: 中医药科技出版社, 1996: 360.
XU Qing-hua, LIU Li-yun, ZHAO Rui-hua. Collection of drug pairs in traditional Chinese medicine[M]. Beijing: Traditional Chinese Medicine Press, 1996: 360.

[2] 田代华. 实用中药辞典[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2000: 165-167, 984-985.
TIAN Dai-hua. Practical dictionary of traditional Chinese herbs[M]. Beijing: People’s Healthy Press, 2000: 165-167, 984-985.

[3] 沈映君. 中药解表方药研究[M]. 北京: 中医药科技出版社, 2005: 198-199.
SHEN Ying-jun. Study on exterior-releasing drugs and prescriptions in traditional Chinese medicine[M]. Beijing: Traditional Chinese Medicine Press, 2005: 198-199.

[4] Kvalheim O M, LIANG Yi-zeng. Heuristic evolving latent projections-resolving 2-way multicomponent data.1. Selectivity, latent-projective graph, datascope, local rank and unique resolution[J]. Anal Chem, 1992, 64(8): 936-946.

[5] LIANG Yi-zeng, Kvalheim O M, Keller H R, et al. Heuristic evolving latent projections- Resolving 2-way multicomponent data. 2. Detection and resolution of minor constituents[J]. Anal Chem, 1992, 64(8): 946-953.

[6] 中华人民共和国药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典(一部)[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2000: 附录64.
Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee. Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1st Part)[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2000: Appendix 64.

[7] GONG Fan, LIANG Yi-zeng, CUI Hui. Determination of volatile components in peptic power by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometric resolution[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2001, 909: 237-247.

[8] GONG Fan, LIANG Yi-zeng, XU Qing-song, et al. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometric resolution applied to the determination of essential oils in Cortex Cinnamomi[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2001, 905: 193-205.

[9] GONG Fan, LIANG Yi-zeng, Fung Y S. Analysis of volatile components from Cortex cinnamomi with hyphenated chromatography and chemometric resolution[J]. J Pharm and Biomed Ana, 2004, 34: 1029-1047.

[10] GAN Feng, XU Qing-song, LIANG Yi-zeng. Two novel procedures for automatic resolution of two-way data from coupled chromatography[J]. Analyst, 2001,126(2): 161-168.

[11] GUO Fan-qiu, LIANG Yi-zeng, XU Chen-jian, et al. Determination of the volatile chemical constituents of Notopterygium incium by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and iterative or non-iterative chemometrics resolution methods[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2003, 1016(1): 99-110.

[12] GONG Fan, LIANG Yi-zeng, CHOU Fou-tian. Combination of GC-MS with local resolution for determining volatile components in si-wu decoction[J]. J Sep Sci, 2003, 26(1/2): 112-122.

[13] LI Xiao-ru, LAN Zheng-gang, LIANG Yi-zeng. Analysis of the volatile chemical constituents of Radix Paeoniae Rubra by GC-MS and chemometric resolution[J]. J Cent South Univ Technol, 2007, 14(1): 57-61.

[14] LI Xiao-ru, LIANG Yi-zeng, GUO Fan-qiu. Analysis of volatile oil in rhizoma ligustici chuanxiong–radix paeoniae rubra by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and chemometric resolution[J]. Acta Pharm Sinica, 2006, 27(4): 491-498.

[15] WU Ming-jian, SUN Xian-jun, DAI Yuan-hui, et al. Determination of constituents of essential oil from Angelica sinensis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. J Cent South Univ Technol, 2005, 12(4): 430-436.

                                 

收稿日期:2006-11-17

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(20235020)

作者简介:李晓如(1963-),男,湖南武冈人,教授,从事天然药物化学研究

通讯作者:李晓如,男,教授;电话:0731-8836376; E-mail: xrli@mail.csu.edu.cn


 

 

[1] 胥庆华, 刘丽云, 赵瑞华. 中药药对大全[M]. 北京: 中医药科技出版社, 1996: 360.XU Qing-hua, LIU Li-yun, ZHAO Rui-hua. Collection of drug pairs in traditional Chinese medicine[M]. Beijing: Traditional Chinese Medicine Press, 1996: 360.

[2] 田代华. 实用中药辞典[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2000: 165-167, 984-985.TIAN Dai-hua. Practical dictionary of traditional Chinese herbs[M]. Beijing: People’s Healthy Press, 2000: 165-167, 984-985.

[3] 沈映君. 中药解表方药研究[M]. 北京: 中医药科技出版社, 2005: 198-199.SHEN Ying-jun. Study on exterior-releasing drugs and prescriptions in traditional Chinese medicine[M]. Beijing: Traditional Chinese Medicine Press, 2005: 198-199.

[4] Kvalheim O M, LIANG Yi-zeng. Heuristic evolving latent projections-resolving 2-way multicomponent data.1. Selectivity, latent-projective graph, datascope, local rank and unique resolution[J]. Anal Chem, 1992, 64(8): 936-946.

[5] LIANG Yi-zeng, Kvalheim O M, Keller H R, et al. Heuristic evolving latent projections- Resolving 2-way multicomponent data. 2. Detection and resolution of minor constituents[J]. Anal Chem, 1992, 64(8): 946-953.

[6] 中华人民共和国药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典(一部)[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2000: 附录64.Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee. Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1st Part)[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2000: Appendix 64.

[7] GONG Fan, LIANG Yi-zeng, CUI Hui. Determination of volatile components in peptic power by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometric resolution[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2001, 909: 237-247.

[8] GONG Fan, LIANG Yi-zeng, XU Qing-song, et al. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometric resolution applied to the determination of essential oils in Cortex Cinnamomi[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2001, 905: 193-205.

[9] GONG Fan, LIANG Yi-zeng, Fung Y S. Analysis of volatile components from Cortex cinnamomi with hyphenated chromatography and chemometric resolution[J]. J Pharm and Biomed Ana, 2004, 34: 1029-1047.

[10] GAN Feng, XU Qing-song, LIANG Yi-zeng. Two novel procedures for automatic resolution of two-way data from coupled chromatography[J]. Analyst, 2001,126(2): 161-168.

[11] GUO Fan-qiu, LIANG Yi-zeng, XU Chen-jian, et al. Determination of the volatile chemical constituents of Notopterygium incium by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and iterative or non-iterative chemometrics resolution methods[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2003, 1016(1): 99-110.

[12] GONG Fan, LIANG Yi-zeng, CHOU Fou-tian. Combination of GC-MS with local resolution for determining volatile components in si-wu decoction[J]. J Sep Sci, 2003, 26(1/2): 112-122.

[13] LI Xiao-ru, LAN Zheng-gang, LIANG Yi-zeng. Analysis of the volatile chemical constituents of Radix Paeoniae Rubra by GC-MS and chemometric resolution[J]. J Cent South Univ Technol, 2007, 14(1): 57-61.

[14] LI Xiao-ru, LIANG Yi-zeng, GUO Fan-qiu. Analysis of volatile oil in rhizoma ligustici chuanxiong–radix paeoniae rubra by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and chemometric resolution[J]. Acta Pharm Sinica, 2006, 27(4): 491-498.

" target="blank">[15] WU Ming-jian, SUN Xian-jun, DAI Yuan-hui, et al. Determination of constituents of essential oil from Angelica sinensis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. J Cent South Univ Technol, 2005, 12(4): 430-436.