硬岩矿山开采技术回顾与展望

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报2019年第9期

论文作者:李夕兵 黄麟淇 周健 王少锋 马春德 陈江湛 刘志祥 李启月 赵国彦

文章页码:1828 - 1848

关键词:硬岩矿山;有色金属矿山;深部采矿方法;采矿技术;非爆连续开采;变害为利

Key words:hard rock mine; non-ferrous metal mine; deep mining method; mining technology; non-explosive continuous mining; converting harm into benefit

摘    要:以国内外硬岩矿山特别是有色金属矿山开采现状及研究成果为基础,综述了硬岩矿山开采方法与技术的发展历程和主要进展。随着技术的进步和对安全环保要求的提高,硬岩矿山地应力探测与地压监测技术更加精准可靠,传统的空场法、崩落法过渡到充填法,隐患破碎矿段实现安全高效开采,大型水(海)下金属矿床实现安全高效低贫损开采,智能化矿山构建已初见成效,深部硬岩开采理论与技术正日趋成熟;同时,以硬岩矿山技术变革为导向,以解决深部固体资源开发的瓶颈难题为目标,系统阐述了变害为利的深部开采方法构思和不同深度的深地资源特别是有色贵重矿物资源的不同开采模式与开采技术构想,并就深部开采理论难题与技术瓶颈及突破方向进行了探讨,以期为资源开采将向地球深部进军提供理论和技术参考。

Abstract: Based on the present situation and research results of hard rock mines at home and abroad, especially non-ferrous metal mines, the development history and main progress of mining methods and technologies were summarized in recent years. With the advancement of technology and the improvement of safety environmental protection requirements, it’s observed that in-situ stress detection and pressure monitoring technology are more accurate and reliable, and the traditional open stope method and block caving method are transited to backfilling method, a new safe and efficient mining method is realized in fractured mining section with hidden hazards, and a safe, efficient and low-dilution mining method has been achieved in large-scale metal deposits underwater. Moreover, the construction of intelligent mines has achieved initial results, and the theory and technology of deep hard rock mining are steadily advancing. At the same time, guided by the technological revolution of hard rock mines and with an aim to solve the bottleneck difficulties of deep solid resource mining, the conception of deep mining method of “Convert harm into benefit” was presented systematically, and the scientific and technological conception of different mining modes for deep resources with different depths, especially for non-ferrous precious mineral resources, as well as some key points of theoretical difficulties, technical bottlenecks and breakthrough directions in deep mining were also addressed, which will provide theoretical and technical reference for resource mining to march deep into the earth.

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