翼缝形状对垂直轴风力机翼型气动性能的影响

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2019年第8期

论文作者:张立军 马东辰 顾嘉伟 江奕佳 米玉霞 赵昕辉 王旱祥 刘延鑫 刘静

文章页码:1848 - 1857

关键词:垂直轴风力机;开缝翼型;气动性能;FLUENT软件;叶尖速比

Key words:vertical axis wind turbine(VAWT); slotted airfoil; aerodynamic performance; FLUENT software; tip speed ratio

摘    要:为延迟翼型附面层分离,提高翼型的气动性能,针对一种垂直轴风力机对称翼型NACA0012,提出3种弧形开缝方案和3种弧形与直线形相组合的开缝方案。针对常规翼型建立仿真模型并验证网格无关性,得到最佳网格数目为4.6×104个。利用ANYSY FLUENT软件对翼型进行二维流体力学仿真,求得其临界攻角下翼型的压力系数分布,得出最佳的开缝位置为1/8c;以获得最大升阻比为目标函数,得到最佳的弧形半径为8%c;提出采用直线与弧形相组合的开缝方案,解决弧形翼缝迎风端与来流风速方向之间不匹配问题。研究结果表明:当叶尖速比λ超过3.5时,T-line-arc为最佳开缝方案;当叶尖速比λ小于3.5时,T-line为最佳开缝方案;当λ为2.0时,采用对称开缝翼型,叶片失速区范围下降61.5%。

Abstract: In order to postpone the separation of the boundary layer and improve the aerodynamic performance of airfoil, for a symmetrical airfoil NACA0012 of vertical axis wind turbine, three kinds of arc-shaped slits and three kinds of combination slits of arc-shaped and straight-shaped were proposed. The simulation model was established for the conventional airfoils and the grid independence was verified. The optimal number of grids is 4.6×104. By using ANYSY FLUENT software, two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation of conventional airfoils was performed. The pressure coefficient distribution of the airfoils at the critical angle of attack was achieved. The optimal slit position is 1/8c. Taking the maximum lift - drag ratio as the objective function, the optimal arc radius is obtained as 8%c. On this basis, the combination type of a straight line and arc of the slotted airfoil was proposed to solve the mismatch problem of the arc-shaped slotted airfoil at the windward side and the incoming wind speed direction. The results show that T-line-arc is the optimal slotting scheme when the tip speed ratio λ is larger than 3.5, and T-line is the optimal slotting scheme when the tip speed ratio λ is less than 3.5. Taking λ=2 as an example, the analysis shows that the range of the stall area of the blade is reduced by 61.5% by using the symmetrical slotted airfoil.

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