换道规则对高速公路双车道交通流的影响

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2016年第5期

论文作者:杨柳 黄中祥 况爱武

文章页码:1752 - 1760

关键词:四车道高速公路;双车道交通流;大货车;换道规则;元胞自动机;模拟

Key words:four-lane freeway; two-lane traffic flow; truck; lane-changing rule; cellular automata; simulation

摘    要:根据车道功能和使用权将四车道高速公路换道规则分为对称、不对称、旧法规和新法规4类,根据换道动机将换道分为有倾向型和无倾向型后,统一合理描述这4类规则。提出相应的元胞自动机模型,用VC++编程实现元胞自动机模拟,考虑快车(小客车)和慢车(大货车)的长度、最大速度和最大加速度差异。研究结果表明:临界密度和慢车速度都与换道规则无关;不同换道规则造成的差异随着密度和慢车比率的增大而减小;在慢车比率较小的中低密度区,与对称规则相比,其他3种规则通过换道改变车辆分布,可大幅度减少冲突,提高快车速度;其他3种规则下快车速度仅在慢车比率较小且靠近临界密度的中密度区存在差异。

Abstract: According to the lane function and its use rights, lane-changing rules on four-lane freeways were classified into four types, i.e., symmetric, asymmetric, old-law and new-law, which could be described uniformly and reasonably through classified lane-changing motivations, i.e. intended and unintended. Based on the classifications, corresponding cellular automaton models were proposed, its simulation was realized through the VC++ programming taking into account the differences between cars and trucks in their length, the maximum speed and the maximum acceleration. The results show that critical density and truck speed are independent of the lane-changing rules. The difference caused by different rules decreases with the increase of density and truck ratio. In the low and medium density range where the truck ratio is small, compared with the symmetric rule, the other three rules can change the vehicle distribution by lane changing, which can reduce conflicts and increase car speed significantly. Car speed under the other three rules is different only in the medium density range near the critical density where the truck ratio is small.

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