基于人体舒适度的室内温度优化设定方法

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2015年第11期

论文作者:彭辉 王玉山 王丹 刘明月 杨晗 武明源 覃业梅

文章页码:4083 - 4091

关键词:办公建筑;节能;动态优化;室内温度设定值;预测平均指标

Key words:office building; energy conservation; dynamic optimization; indoor air temperature; predicted mean vote

摘    要:建立一个简化的办公建筑热力学模型,模型中假设白天空调开放,夜间自然通风。通过对该模型的分析,建立空调冷负荷与室外温度、热物质温度、室内温度设定值等环境变量的定量关系。同时,为评估环境舒适度,采用描述人体舒适度的预测平均指标(predicted mean vote, IPMV),并确定IPMV与室内温度和平均辐射温度的定量关系。基于上述定量关系,以空调冷负荷最小化为优化目标,同时以-0.9≤IPMV≤0.9为限制条件,优化求解得到了最优的室内温度设定值。通过EnergyPlus等软件对优化结果进行仿真计算,与26 ℃固定温度设定值的情形相比,本文提出的室内温度优化设定方法既可保证室内人员的舒适度又可以降低空调能耗。

Abstract: Assuming that the air-conditioner runs in the daytime and ceases at night, a simplified thermodynamic model for office buildings was established. The building model was analyzed to get a quantitative relationship between the cooling load and environment variables which include outdoor air temperature, thermal mass temperature and indoor air temperature. In order to guarantee thermal comfort, predicted mean vote (IPMV) which is used to describe the body comfort was applied. The relationship between IPMV, indoor air temperature and mean radiant temperature was also analyzed. Then the minimum cooling load of the air-condition was the optimization goal, and -0.9≤IPMV≤0.9 was constraint, and the optimal indoor air temperature was obtained through MATLAB Optimization Toolbox. Finally, based on the optimal indoor air temperature, the energy consumption of a simulated office building was computed through EnergyPlus. Compared with fixed 26 ℃ indoor air temperature, optimizing indoor air temperature is a very effective and feasible approach, and it can effectively reduce energy consumption of buildings, as well as guarantee the thermal comfort.

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