铝合金与镀锌钢板CMT焊接过程传热传质现象的数值模拟

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2015年第11期

论文作者:饶政华 李芸霄 刘江维 廖胜明 王凤江

文章页码:4325 - 4334

关键词:冷金属过渡;电弧等离子体;传热传质;数值模拟

Key words:cold metal transfer; arc plasma; heat and mass transfer; numerical simulation

摘    要:建立冷金属过渡(CMT)焊接的三维非稳态数学模型,研究铝合金和镀锌钢板CMT焊接过程的传热、传质现象,包括电弧等离子体的形成和变化、焊丝的送入与回抽、熔滴生长与过渡、熔池动态行为、镀锌层的蒸发及锌蒸气在电弧中的扩散。研究结果表明:在高温电弧的作用下钢板表面的镀锌层蒸发,锌蒸气由钢板表面向电弧区扩散,其分布受等离子体流动的影响。焊接过程中焊接电流、电弧长度不断变化,造成焊接工件表面附近的电弧压力持续变化。锌层蒸发增大了钢板表面附近的电弧压力,易造成熔滴过渡和焊接过程的不稳定。

Abstract: A 3D transient cold metal transfer (CMT) welding model was developed to study the heat and mass transfer during CMT welding of aluminum alloy and galvanized steel sheets, which includes arc generation and evolution, up-and-down movement of welding wire, droplet formation and dipping into the weld pool, weld pool dynamics, zinc evaporation and zinc vapor diffusion in the arc. The results show that the zinc layer at the steel surface evaporates and diffuses into the arc under the impact of high-temperature arc, and the zinc vapor distribution is affected by the plasma flow. During the welding process, the welding current and arc length keep changing, leading to the continuous variation of arc pressure at the workpiece surface. The zinc evaporation increases the arc pressure near the steel surface, which always results in the instable metal transfer and welding process.

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