剪切型减振器扣件工作性能及改进

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2016年第9期

论文作者:吴宗臻 刘维宁 张厚贵

文章页码:3258 - 3264

关键词:地铁;剪切型减振器;减振性能;异常波磨;调频钢轨阻尼器

Key words:metro; shear-type damper fastener; vibration-reduced performance; rail corrugation; tuned rail damper

摘    要:剪切型减振器扣件减振性能良好,广泛应用于城市轨道交通线路,但在减振器扣件区段发生较为严重的钢轨异常波磨。在300 Hz频段减振器轨道振动加速度存在较大峰值带,发生轮轨强烈共振;在200~350 Hz频段,减振器扣件轨道系统的阻尼比很小,动刚度在300 Hz存在波谷。同时,振动加速度频域分布、行车速度和波磨特征波长具有高度相关性,所以,在300 Hz频段的轮轨共振是产生异常波磨的主要原因。针对此问题,提出通过安装调频钢轨阻尼器(TRD)的方案改善轨道动力特性,并进行安装前后的实验室动力特性测试。研究结果表明:安装TRD能够改善Ⅲ型减振器轨道的动力特性,调节频率,提高阻尼,降低工作频率,改善轨道的减振性能。本方案可以作为地铁线上整治异常波磨的有效方法。

Abstract: As a well-working fastener type, shear-type damper fastener is applied widely in metro lines. But serious rail corrugation happens at the shear-type damper fastener section on metro line. Energy aggregation phenomenon of rail acceleration vibration exists around 300 Hz; the damping ratio is as low as around 200-350 Hz and there exists wave trough at 300 Hz in the dynamic stiffness curve. Vibration characteristic frequency, vehicle speed and corrugation characteristic wavelengths are highly correlated. So the wheel-rail resonance at 300 Hz is the main reason of rail corrugation. A method of installing tuned rail damper (TRD) was presented to improve track dynamic characteristics and lab measurements were finished. The results show that installation of TRD can improve the dynamic characteristics of track system, adjust frequency, improve damping, reduce work frequency and improve vibration-reduced performance. This method is an effective way to solve the problem of rail corrugation on metro line.

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