J. Cent. South Univ. (2016) 23: 1449-1458

DOI: 10.1007/s11771-016-3197-7

Neoproterozoic stratigraphic correlation of Subei-Huainan in China

LIU Wei-fu(刘为付)¹, LIU Shuang-long(刘双龙)², SUN Li-xin(孙立新)²,

BAI Wen-shuang(白文爽)¹, DING Zhen-kun(丁振坤)¹, WANG Ze-yu(王泽宇)¹

1. College of Geosciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China;

2. Well Testing and Perforating Company, Daqing Oilfield Co., Ltd., Daqing 163412, China

Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016

Abstract: Subei-Huainan in the southeastern margin of the North China platform is a key area of convergence of China’s north-south stratigraphic correlation of Neoproterozoic. Due to the lack of fossils, the Neoproterozoic stratigraphic correlation is still a difficulty in this area. The division of Neoproterozoic strata and the establishment of the correlation framework of the stratigraphic sequences have been done through recognizing the regularity of meter-scale cycles by measuring the outcrop of Neoproterozoic strata and using the Fischer diagram and the sea-level curve of transgressive-regressive by the maximum flooding sedimentary and molar teeth carbonate sedimentary. The maximum flooding sedimentary which becomes cycle sequence comparison of sign is isochronous in the same basin and is a key of cycle sequence comparison although paleogeographic environment and sedimentary sequence may be different in the sedimentary strata of the same geologic time. Molars carbonates, having specific geological distrution time and depositional environment and mainly developing in the ramp environment of the platform edge in the 1500-650 Ma, are the new symbol of the stratigraphic correlation in the Neoproterozoic. Because of the missing of the fossil record, the maximum flooding and the molar-teeth carbonate sedimentary, as the new research ideas, are used in stratigraphic division and correlation.

Key words: Fischer diagram; sea-level change; molar-teeth carbonate; maximum flooding sedimentary; Neoproterozoic; Subei-Huainan

1 Introduction

As a result of the lack of ancient fossils, the Precambrian stratigraphic division and correlation have been difficult for a long time. Subei-Huainan located on the southeast margin of the North China platform is the key region to link up the China’s north and south of Neoproterozoic stratigraphic correlation [1-3]. Geologists have divided and contrasted the Neoproterozoic strata, which have made important progress, in the Subei-Huainan based on the regional survey [4-9]. However, due to the lack of systematic information on the geological age of Neoproterozoic strata in the area, the difference of the geological time data in the same formation, and the chronostratigraphic inversion phenomenon of the upper and the lower strata on the geological age, since the Neoproterozoic strata are lack of systematic data of the geological age and the some available dating data are quite different from geological age in the same stratum, the Neoproterozoic stratigraphic division and correlation are still unresolved issues. Because it is different for each faction in the area [10-12], the stratigraphic division scheme does not have a unified understanding and is still an open question. The focus of the problem lies in the Neoproterozoic strata of Subei how to contrast with Huaibei and Huainan regions, and lithostratigraphic unit of diachronism problem did not give enough attention.

The systematic stratigraphic division and correlation of Neoproterozoic in Subei-Huainan were started in the 1980 [13-14]. On the basis of the different periods of the regional geological survey, the Neoproterozoic stratigraphic division and correlation in the area has been systematically summarized by the Jiangsu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Anhui Provincial Geological and Mineral Resources Bureau [15-16]. In recent years, based on these characteristics of the lithostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, isotope stratigraphy and event stratigraphy on the basis of regional geological survey, Chinese geologists have carried out the division and correlation of Neoproterozoic strata in the study area, and put forward their respective stratigraphic division and correlation of the scheme. WU [10] used the lithostratigraphy to study the late Precambrian (Meso to Neoproterozoic)lithostratigraphic units in North China and their multiple division and correlation Cambrian strata in North China. XU et al [11] divided and compared the Neoproterozoic stratigraphy in Jiaoliao Luxi and Xuhuai area. LI et al [12] studied the stratigraphic overlap of the lower Cambrian Houjiashan Formation over the pre-cryogenian sequences in the Northern Jiangsu and Anhui. GAO et al [3] analyzed the new geological time scale of Late Precambrian in China and geochronology. ZHANG et al [7] constrasted and studied forming stage of Neoproterozoic and stratigraphic division in Xuzhou, Huaihe River region, Jilin Province and Liaoning Province. QIAN et al [17] used the microfossils to comment the Cambrian-Neoproterozoic boundary in Huaibei district, Northern Anhui-Jiangsu. NIU et al [8] based on the biostratigraphy, divided and contrasted the meso-Neoproterozoic Strata in the Jiangsu-Shandong- Anhui area, Southern margin of North China Block. YANG et al [5] used the chronostratigraphy to determine the age of the Uppe Precambrian system of Northern Jiangsu-Anhui by using Sr and C isotopes. ZHENG et al [6] studied the Sr and C isotopic correlation and the age boundary determination for the Neoproterozoic in the Southern Liaoning and Northern Jiangsu-Northern Anhui. QIAO et al [18] used the event stratigraphy to divide and contrast the Neoproterozoic strata in the study area. LU et al [9] studied the characterization of Tempestite Sediments of the Neoproterozoic Zhaowei Formation in Xuzhou Area, Jiangsu Province. However, due to the lack of the geological age data of the system and the diachronism problem of the lithostratigraphic unit in the area, the Neoproterozoic stratigraphic division and correlation have not formed a unified understanding.

Based on the measured stratigraphic sections, the analyzed outcrops of meter-scale cycles and the studied molar-teeth (hereinafter referred to as MT) carbonates and the maximum flooding sedimentary (hereinafter referred to as MFS), using Fischer diagrams and sea-level change curve of transgressive-regressive (hereinafter referred to as T-R) by the water-depth correction, the authors have divided the stratigraphic cycle sequence and established stratigraphic sequence correlation framework to overcome the diachronism of lithology contrast in Neoproterozoic strata of Subei- Huainan. The MT carbonate at specific distribution of geological time and depositional environment and the MFS at the same age stratum forming the same geological time are the important symbol of cycle sequence comparison, so Neoproterozoic stratigraphic correlation of the lack of fossils will be new ideas.

2 Geological setting

The study area which belongs to the Jiao-Liao-Xu-Huai stratigraphic subregion of Sino- Korea stratigraphic region in classification of the stratigraphic regionalization in China is located in the southeastern margin of Sino-Korea Plate, the west of Tan-Lu fault zone, and it includes the areas of Subei, Huaibei and Huainan, herein after referred to as Subei-Huainan (Fig. 1). Subei-Huainan is the key area to study the cohesion between the north and the south of the Neoproterozoic strata in China. The Neoproterozoic belongs to stable crater epicontinental sedimentary in Subei-Huainan. The sedimentary strata can be divided into 2 periods, the early and the late. During the early period of the basin, it was deposited mainly construction of clastic rocks of marine facies. The sedimentary center is located in the areas of Heituwo to Zhangqu of Huaibei (Fig. 1), and the maximum thickness is more than 1000 m. The early Neoproterozoic strata are deposited in the upper part of the Fengyang angle unconformity.

Fig. 1　Positions of studied Neoproterozoic profiles of Subei-Huainan:

During the late period of the sedimentary formation of the carbonates, the sedimentary center is located in Subei and Huaibei border area (Fig. 1) and compared with the early period slightly to the north, the largest sedimentary thickness is more than 2000 m. Thereafter, the smaller the sedimentary scope gradually contracts towards the center of the basin, the smaller the sedimentary thickness of the near continental margin is, showing rising of the basin margin and falling of the basin center. Thereon, it is covered by parallel unconformity of Huoqiu movement. Under the restriction of the lower bound of Fengyang unconformity and the upper bound of Huoqiu unconformity, the sedimentary strata are composed from the bottom to the top by Xinxiong Formation, Chongshan Formation, Jiayuan Formation, Zhaowei Formation, Niyuan Formation, Jioudingshan Formation, Zhangqu Formation and Weiji Formation (Fig. 2). Xinxiong Formation is mainly quartz sandstone and mudstone, the sedimentary environment of the shore beach bar. Chongshan Formation is mainly composed of fine sandstone and siltstone, on behalf of the sedimentary of the terrigenous mixing transition basin to the carbonate basin. Jiayuan Formation is made up of silty micrite and laminar micrite, for carbonate basin spatial distribution from inside ramp to outside ramp sedimentary. Zhaowei Formation is composed of micrite, laminated limestone and marl, inside ramp- outside ramp sedimentary. Niyuan Formation is given priority with dolomite, lagoon and tidal flat sedimentary. Jioudingshan Formation is made of micrite, marl and laminated limestone, inside ramp-outside ramp sedimentary. Zhangqu Formation is composed of calcirudite, calcarenite and micrite, tidal flat-outside ramp sedimentary. Weiji Formation is given priority with laminated limestone, intertidal and subtidal sedimentary. However, due to the differences in the paleogeographic background, lithology and sedimentary, Neoproterozoic stratigraphic correlation and research are more difficult in the study area.

Neoproterozoic in Subei-Huainan is isolated by a series of sedimentary hills composed of prominent among the plains in the Quaternary (Fig. 1). It is difficult to find a completely continuous profile, but it can reasonably be carried out to link up by the analysis of the sedimentary characteristics. On the basis of the outcrop investigation of the Neoproterozoic strata, we have detailed measurements of 9 profiles in Subei, Huaibei and Huainan, namely, Lushan, Weiji, Liangtang and Zhaowei profiles of Subei, Heituwo, Zhangqu and Yinjiazhai profiles of Huaibei, and Bagongshan profile of Huainan (Fig. 1). These stratigraphic profiles of Neoproterozoic strata exposed continuously and distributed widely, and developed well in the meter scale cycle sequences, which are conducive to the sequence analysis and research of the Neoproterozoic strata.

Fig. 2 Neoproterozoic sequences of Subei-Huainan from Xinxing Formation to Weiji Formation, lower strata of terrigenous clastic sedimentary, upper strata of carbonate sedimentary

3 Cycle sequence comparison of MFS

The MFS is the sedimentary of the lowest of the sediment supply rates, the highest of the sea level rise, the largest of the accommodation space [19-20], and is a key of cycle sequence comparison [21]. Although paleogeographic environment and sedimentary sequence may be different in the same geologic time, the MFS which becomes cycle sequence comparison of sign is isochronous in the same basin [22-23]. The MFS, in the field outcrop profiles of Neoproterozoic strata, can be identified by the grey lamellar micrite, gray lamina micrite, and lamellar micrite with lens of dark gray calcisiltite composition of the deepwater low rate sedimentary in Subei-Huainan. According to the analysis on the profiles and the detailed study on the meter-scale cycle sequences, the MFS is identified to achieve isochronous contrast of cycle sequence by the Fischer diagrams and the T-R curves.

3.1 Cycle sequence comparison of Fischer diagram

According to the consistency principle of the MFS, the sea-level change curves of Neoproterozoic are analyzed and studied in the profiles of Zhangqu and Yinjiazhai of Huaibei, and the profiles of Liangtang, Lushan and Weiji of Subei. Based on superimposed manner of meter-scale cycles, using Fischer diagram, the cycle sequences are divided and compared from Jiudingshan Formation to Weiji Formation of Subei-Huaibei. Jiudingshan Formation, Zhangqu Formation and Weiji Formation are respectively divided into 6 (Fig. 3), 6 (Fig. 4) and 4 (Fig. 5) cycle sequences. The two times of the MFS from Jiudingshan Formation to Weiji Formation are identified in III22 cycle sequence of Jiudingshan Formation and III28 cycle sequence of Zhangqu Formation. The MFS is composed of the deepwater low rate sedimentary of the grey lamellar micrite and gray lamina micrite of outer ramp in III22 cycle sequence of Jiudingshan Formation, and the lamellar micrite with dark gray calcisiltite lens of outer ramp in III28 cycle sequence of Zhangqu Formation. In the control of the MFS, the cycle sequences of Jiudingshan Formation, Zhangqu Formation and Weiji Formation are compared. It can be seen from the Fischer diagram that the strata have better comparative.

Fig. 3 Stratigraphic correlation of Jioudingshan Formation of revised Fischer diagram by water depth from III21 cycle sequence to III26 cycle sequence in Lushan profile of Subei and Zhangqu profile of Huaibei, maximum flooding sedimentary of III22 cycle sequence

Fig. 4 Stratigraphic correlation of Zhangqu Formation of revised Fischer diagram by water depth from III27 cycle sequence to III32 cycle sequence in Zhangqu profile of Huaibei and Lushan profile of Subei, maximum flooding sedimentary of III28 cycle sequence

3.2 Cycle sequence comparison of T-R curve

Based on the analysis on meter-scale cycles in the area of Neoproterozoic stratigraphic profiles, using the sea-level change curves of the T-R by water depth correction, Neoproterozoic strata of Subei-Huaibei and Subei-Huainan are divided and compared. The cycle sequences of the T-R curves and Fischer diagrames are consistent in Jioudingshan Formation, Zhangqu Formation and Weiji Formation of Subei-Huaibei, and can be completely compared (Fig. 6).

According to the T-R curves, Chengshan Formation in Wangjiabao profile of Subei is divided into two cycle sequences; Jiayuan Formation and Zhaowei Formation in Zhaowei profile of Subei are respectively divided into 3 and 5 cycle sequences; and Shouxian Formation, Jiuliqiao Formation and Sidingshan Formation in Bagongshan profile of Huainan are respectively divided into 2, 3 and 3 cycle sequences. The MFS occurs in III5cycle sequence at Jiayuan Formation of Subei and Huaibei and Jiuliqiao Formation of Huainan (Fig. 7). The MFS is composed of the deepwater low rate sedimentary of the grey lamellar micrite of outer ramp in Jiayuan Formation of Subei and Huaibei, and the lamellar micrite with lamina micrite of outer ramp in Jiuliqiao Formation of Huainan. Under the control of the MFS, the cycle sequences can be compared by the sea-level change curves in Chengshan Formation of Subei and Shouxian Formation of Huainan (Fig. 7), and cycle sequences can be fully compared in Jiayuan Formation and Zhaowei Formation of Subei and in Jiuliqiao Formation and Sidingshan Formation of Huainan (Fig. 7).

Fig. 5　Stratigraphic correlation of Weiji Formation of revised Fischer diagram by water depth from III33 cycle sequence to III36 cycle sequence in Lushan profile of Subei, Weiji profile of Subei and Yinjiazhai profile of Huaibei

4 Cycle sequence comparison of MT carbonate

The MT carbonates which are the new sign of stratigraphic correlation are widely developed in the Neoproterozoic strata of Subei-Huainan. From the current survey data, the MT carbonates have specific geological distribution time and sedimentary environment [24-25], which were mainly developed in the 1500-650 Ma of the geological time [26-27] and the platform edge ramp environment [28]. The MT carbonates are studied on the development time by the Sr isotopes in the Neoproterozoic of Subei-Huainan, which are limited to 900-720 Ma (Fig. 8). Therefore, they can be used as a time-limit and the MT carbonates will be an important new sign in stratigraphic division and correlation for Neoproterozoic of lack fossils. The MT carbonates have important indicating significance of environment in the gentle slope edge of Precambrian platform [29-30]. The study on the cycle sequences and sedimentary sequences of Neoproterozoic in the area shows that the MT carbonate which can be used as a sign of tidal environment of shallow water is mainly distributed in the carbonate platform margin ramp system, including the lower part of the inner ramp, the middle ramp and the upper part of the outside ramp. In meter-scale cycles, the MT carbonate is distributed in the lower port of each shallowing-upward cycle. The MT carbonate in specific distribution sedimentary environment can be used as a sign of stratigraphic sequence of division and correlation in Neoproterozoic of the lack fossils will be the new research methods.

Fig. 6 Neoproterozoic stratigraphic correlation of transgressive- regressive curve from Jioudingshan Formation to Weiji Formation in Lushan and Liangtang profiles of Subei and Zhangqu profiles of Huaibei, maximum flooding sedimentary in III22 cycle sequence of Jioudingshan Formation and III28 cycle sequence of Zhangqu Formation, sedimentary environment of outer ramp and basin

Fig. 7 Neoproterozoic stratigraphic correlation of transgressive- regressive curve from Chengshan Formation to Zhaowei Formation of Subei and from Shouxian Formation to Sidingshan Formation of Huainan, maximum flooding sedimentary in III5 cycle sequence of Jiayuan Formation of Subei and Jiuliqiao Formation of Huainan, sedimentary environment of outer ramp

Fig. 8 Development time of MT carbonates of Subei-Huainan in Jiuliqiao Formation, Jiayuan Formation, Zhaowei Formation, Niyuan Formation, Jioudingshan Formation, Zhangqu Formation and Weiji Formation from 760 Ma to 850 Ma

From the field investigation, the MT carbonate is extensively developed in Jiuliqiao, Jiayuan, Zhaowei, Niyuan, Jioudingshan, Zhangqu and Weiji Formation, and it is a kind of very good correlation sign in Neoproterozoic strata of Subei-Huainan (Fig. 9). A detailed comparative study on the development layers of the MT carbonates shows the following cycle sequences can be completely compared (Fig. 9): 1) the 3 cycle sequences of Jiayuan Formation of Zhaowei profile of Subei and Jiuliqiao Formation of Bagongshan profile of Huainan; 2) the lower 3 cycle sequences of Jioudingshan Formation of Liangtong profiles of Subei and Zhangqu profile of Huaibei; 3) the lower 3 cycle sequences of Zhangqu Formation of Lushan and Weiji profiles of Subei and Zhangqu profile of Huaibei; 4) the lower second cycle sequence of Lushan and Wei Weiji profiles of Subei and Yinjiazhai profile of Huaibei.

Fig. 9 Neoproterozoic cycle sequence correlation in Subei-Huainan, marker bed of III5, III22 and III28 of maximum flooding sedimentary, marker of Jiuliqiao Formation, Jiayuan Formation, Zhaowei Formation, Niyuan Formation, Jioudingshan Formation, Zhangqu Formation and Weiji Formation of molar tooth carbonate, purple laminated limestone at the top of Weiji Formation

5 Stratigraphic sequence framework

Neoproterozoic strata with the lower strata being terrigenous clastic sedimentary and the upper strata being carbonate sedimentary belong to cratonic basin in Subei-Huainan. Based on the MFS and the MT carbonate from measured sections starting to study meter-scale cycle sequence, using the Fischer diagram and the sea level curve of the T-R, Neoproterozoic strata are divided and contrasted, and stratigraphic sequence framework in Subei-Lianghuai is established (Fig. 9).

Xinxing Formation is the sedimentary of the carbonate platform and the littoral clastic rocks in Wangjiabao profile of Subei, conformity with the underlying strata. The lithology is divided into two parts: the lower is the purple gray thin marl and the upper is the yellow-green shale with thin sand, containing plant fossils. According to the sea-level change curve of the T-R, Xinxing Formation is divided into two cycle sequences (Fig.9).

Chengshan Formation is the littoral clastic sedimentary, mainly gray white quartz sandstone, continuous sedimentary with the underlying of Xinxing Formation and the overlying of Jiayuan Formation, and it is divided into two cycle sequence in the Wangjiabao profile of Subei. Shouxian Formation is the coastal and shallow marine sedimentary in Bagongshan profile of Huainan, mainly gray thick-layer quartz sandstone, development of cross-bedding and subtle-bedding, and it is divided into two cycle sequences. Based on the sea- level change curve of the T-R, the cycle sequences of Chengshan Formation and Shouxian Formation can be compared (Fig. 9).

Jiayuan Formation belongs to the subtidal ramp sedimentary in Zhaowei profile of Subei, mainly gray silty limestone and micrite, development of the MT carbonates, level of visible waves and erosion fill, continuous sedimentary of the underlying and the overlying strata, and it is divided into 3 cycle sequences, wherein the lower cycle sequence of the laminar micrite of the outside ramp represents the MFS (Fig. 9). Jiuliqiao Formation in the Bagongshan profile of Huainan is the outside ramp-inner ramp sedimentary, overall shallowing-upward trend of the sea waters, the primary limestone with marl, the development of the MT carbonates, and it is divided into 3 cycle sequences, wherein the lower cycle sequence of the laminated micrite is the MFS (Fig. 9). Under the control of the MT carbonates, the sea-level change curve of the T-R and the MFS of the lower cycle sequence, the three cycle sequences of Jiayuan Formation of Zhaowei profile and Jiuliqiao Formation of Huainan can be completely isochronous comparison (Fig. 9).

Zhaowei Formation which is divided into 5 cycle sequences belongs to the outside ramp-inner ramp sedimentary in Zhaowei profile of Subei. The lithology is divided into three distinct parts: the lower part of thick layer, gray micrite with the MT carbonates, the middle part of micrite containing stromatolites and the upper part of marl with the MT carbonates. Sidingshan Formation in Bagongshan profile of Huainan is divided into three cycle sequences, gray thick-layer dolomite, rich stromatolite. Zhaowei Formation of Subei-Huaibei is the ramp sedimentary of the limestone, and Sidingshan Formation of Huainan becomes tidal sedimentary of dolomite. On the basis of the meter-scale cycles, the cycle sequences of Zhaowei Formation are compared with Sidingshan Formation (Fig. 9).

Niyuan Formation is the sedimentary of the oxidation of the intertidal environment gradually transformed into salty lagoon environment, mainly dolomite, developing fine bedding, containing chert nodules, rich stromatolite in Zhaowei profile of Subei. According to analysis on the meter-scale cycles and the sea-level change curves of the T-R, Niyuan Formation is divided into 8 cycle sequences (Fig. 9).

Zhangqu Formation is the continuous complete strata in Zhangqu profile of Huaibei. Lithology is divided into two parts that the lower is thin gray micrite, with ripples, containing stromatolites and the MT carbonates, and the upper is gray thick-layer crystalline dolomite and the laminated dolomite, with wedge-shaped bedding. Zhangqu Formation is the sedimentary from the outside ramp environment to supralittoral zone environment in Zhangqu profile of Subei. The lithology is composed of the lower of the micrite with calcirudite, the ripples, the containing MT carbonates, and the upper of laminated dolomite and dolomite, with a wedge-shaped bedding, ripple marks and birds-eye structure. According to the analysis on meter-scale cycles, Fischer diagram and sea- level change curve of the T-R, Zhangqu Formation is divided into 6 cycle sequences in Subei-Huaibei. The MFS which is composed by graded layer micrite of outside ramp is developed in III5 cycle sequence. The MFS sedimentary and the MT carbonate of the cycle sequence in Zhangqu Formation of Subei-Huaibei, such as having a good isochronous comparison, can be regional stratigraphic correlation (Fig. 9).

Weiji Formation is the continuous sedimentary in Yinjiazhai profile of Huaibei. The lower lithology is the the gray limestone with the mottled shale, containing stromatolites, developing MT carbonates, and the upper lithology is the gray, purple thick-layer laminated limestone. Weiji Formation is the middle ramp to supralittoral zone sedimentary in Lushan profile and Weiji profile of Subei. The lower of the lithology is the limestone, dolomite and shale interbedded, the developing MT carbonates, and the upper of lithology is the gray, purple laminated limestone and dolomite. According to the analysis of the meter-scale cycles, the Fischer diagram and the sea-level change curve of the T-R, Weiji Formation is divided into 4 cycle sequences, and the MT carbonates in the second cycle sequence of the lower is a sign of stratigraphic correlation (Fig. 9).

6 Conclusions

1) Subei-Huainan is a key area from the north to south of the Neoproterozoic convergence and contrast in China. Due to the lack of fossils, for a long time, stratigraphic division and comparison of Neoproterozoic have been difficult. Based on a detailed outcrop study of meter-scale cycles, using Fischer diagram and sea level change curve of the T-R by the water depth correction, the stratigraphic cycle sequence is compared and stratigraphic sequence framework is established in Neoproterozoic of Subei-Huainan.

2) The MFS is the important sign in the stratigraphic sequence of isochronous comparison. The MFS is identified in Jiayuan Formation, Jioudingshan Formations and Zhangqu Formation of Subei, Jioudingshan Formation and Zhangqu Formation of Huaibei, and Jiuliqiao Formation of Huainan, so as to realize the stratigraphic isochronous correlation in Neoproterozoic of Subei-Huainan.

3) The MT carbonate rock which is a new sign of cycle sequence comparison has a specific time frame and the specific distribution of sedimentary environments. From the formation and development of the distribution sequence of the MT carbonate, the layers of the MT carbonates are quite in Jiayuan Formation of Subei and Jiuliqiao Formation of Huainan, and cycle sequences of the MT carbonate are consistent in Jioudingshan Formation, Zhangqu Formation and Weiji Formation of Subei and Huaibei. The MT carbonate in the development cycle sequence can be fully compared.

4) The Fischer diagram and the T-R change curve by the water depth correction show that the cycle sequences are available for isochronous comparison in Weiji Formation of Lushan profile and Weiji profile of Subei with Yinjiazhai profile of Huaibei, Zhangqu Formation of Lushan profile of Subei with Zhangqu profile of Huaibei, and Jiudingshan Lushan profile of Subei with Zhangqu profile of Huaibei.

Acknowledgements

We thank the two anonymous reviewers comment significantly improved this manuscript, and thank Dr. Steven Cahill, from CUG, polishes this manuscript.

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(Edited by YANG Hua)

Foundation item: Project(XN2014119) supported by Northeast Petroleum University Cultivation Foundation of China; Project(U1262106) supported by the National Natural Science Joint Foundation of China

Received date: 2015-03-30; Accepted date: 2015-07-22

Corresponding author: LIU Wei-fu, PhD; Tel: +86-459-6504707; E-mail: liuwfdq@163.com