冲击载荷作用下孔洞花岗岩的应变演化及破坏特征

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2021年第3期

论文作者:周子龙 孙景楠 王海泉 郭懿德

文章页码:681 - 693

关键词:孔洞岩石;落锤试验;冲击载荷;数字散斑;应变演化;破坏特征

Key words:rock with cavities; drop weight test; impact load; digital image correlation; strain evolution; failure characteristics

摘    要:为研究不同孔洞数量和排列方式的孔洞岩石在冲击载荷下的应变演化及破坏特征,对含有单一孔洞、水平双孔洞、垂直双孔洞、水平3孔洞和垂直3孔洞的5种花岗岩试样进行落锤冲击试验,借助高速摄像仪和数字散斑技术(DIC)对各试样表面的应变演化和裂纹扩展进行记录和分析。研究结果表明:垂直孔洞试样的冲击响应力峰值随孔洞数量的增加而减小;试样表面的高应变集中区有一个渐进移动和演化的过程,且高应变集中区在移动至孔洞之前和穿过孔洞之后其形状均为椭圆状,在经过孔洞时形状变为狭窄的长条状;垂直孔洞试样比水平孔洞试样的高应变集中区为长条状的时间长;孔洞周围的平均应变演化受孔洞数量和排列方式的影响显著,且水平孔洞试样比垂直孔洞试样中孔洞周围的最大平均应变出现的时间晚;5种类型试样的破坏裂纹以轴向拉伸裂纹为主,所有试样均表现为明显的劈裂破坏;垂直孔洞试样的破坏形态复杂,局部的剪切裂纹和拉伸-剪切混合裂纹作用位置受孔洞数量影响;与垂直孔洞试样相比,水平孔洞试样的最终破坏形态简单且裂纹类型不受孔洞数量影响。

Abstract: In order to study the strain evolution and failure characteristics of rocks under impact load with different numbers and arrangements of cavities, the drop weight impact test was carried out on five types of granite specimens with a single hole, double horizontal holes, double vertical holes, three horizontal holes and three vertical holes. The strain evolution and crack propagation on the surface of each specimen were recorded and analyzed by using a high speed camera and digital image correlation(DIC). The results show that the peak response force of the vertically arranged hole specimen decreases with the increase of the number of holes. There is a process of gradual movement and evolution in the high strain concentration area on the specimen surface, and shape of the high strain concentration area is a long narrow strip when passing through the hole while being elliptic when it is away from the hole. The time of high strain concentration in vertically arranged hole specimens is longer than that in horizontally arranged hole specimens. The average strain evolution of the region around the hole is significantly affected by the number and arrangement of holes, moreover, the time of the maximum average strain around the horizontally arranged hole specimens is obviously later than that in the vertically arranged hole specimens. The failure cracks of the five types of specimens are mainly axial tensile cracks, and all the specimens show obvious splitting failure. The failure pattern of the vertically arranged hole specimens is complex, and the location of local shear crack and tensile-shear mixed crack are affected by the number of holes. The final failure pattern of the horizontally arranged hole specimens is simpler than that of the vertically arranged hole specimens and the crack type is not affected by the number of holes.

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