铸态和退火态Al0.5CoCrFeNiTi0.5 高熵合金的组织与性能

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报2019年第2期

论文作者:蒋淑英 林志峰 许红明

文章页码:326 - 334

关键词:高熵合金;退火;组织结构;力学性能;耐蚀性

Key words:high-entropy alloy; annealing; microstructure; mechanical property; corrosion resistance

摘    要:采用真空电弧熔炼法熔炼出Al0.5CoCrFeNiTi0.5高熵合金,并在600、800和1000 ℃下进行真空退火热处理。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、电子探针(EPMA)、硬度计、万能试验机以及电化学工作站对合金铸态和不同温度退火态的微观组织、硬度、压缩力学性能以及在3.5% NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性进行研究。组织分析表明:铸态和退火态的Al0.5CoCrFeNiTi0.5合金均由富(Cr,Fe)的FCC、富(Al,Ni,Ti)的BCC和σ三相组成,但退火处理使合金的组织形貌和各相的相对含量发生了改变,铸态下的粗大白色FCC柱状晶转变为细小的FCC+BCC+σ的混合组织;随着退火温度的升高,BCC和σ相含量增加。800 ℃退火态合金成分均匀性最好,1000 ℃退火态合金由于退火温度过高,组织粗大,元素偏析重新加剧。硬度试验和压缩试验结果表明:合金在铸态和3种温度退火态下的硬度都较高,表现出良好的抗回火软化能力;800 ℃退火态合金中由于BCC和σ相的增加,其硬度和屈服强度最高,但塑性最差。1000 ℃退火态合金由于大量σ相的析出以及组织粗大,其屈服强度、断裂强度和压缩形变率都急剧降低。600 ℃退火态合金具有理想的FCC、BCC和σ相的组成含量,其综合力学性能最好。电化学腐蚀试验表明:铸态和3种温度退火态的合金在3.5% NaCl溶液中都表现出良好的耐蚀性,800 ℃退火态合金由于其成分均匀性最好,耐蚀性最好。

Abstract: Al0.5CoCrFeNiTi0.5 high entropy alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting and were treated by vacuum annealing at 600, 800 and 1000 ℃ for 10 h. The microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in the 3.5% NaCl solution of the as-cast and annealed alloys were studied by XRD, OM, EPMA, hardness tester, universal testing machine, and electrochemical workstation. The microstructure analysis shows that the as-cast and three kinds of annealed alloys are all composed of FCC rich (Cr, Fe), BCC rich (Al, Ni, Ti) and σ, but their microstructure morphologies and the relative contents of each phase are different. As the annealing process, the thick white FCC columnar crystals in the as-cast alloy shift to the mixed structures of FCC, BCC and σ, and with the increase of annealing temperature, the contents of the BCC and σ phase increase. The 800 ℃-annealed alloy has the best composition uniformity, and the 1000 ℃-annealed alloy has the increasing element segregation and the coarse microstructure due to the high annealing temperature. The hardness and compression tests show that all of the as-cast and three kinds of annealed alloys have high hardness, showing good resistance to tempering softening, the 800 ℃-annealed alloy has the highest hardness and yield strength but its plasticity is the worst due to the increase of the BCC and σ phase content, the yield strength, fracture strength and compressive deformation rate of the 1000 ℃-annealed alloy sharply decrease due to its coarse structure and a large number of σ precipitation, the 600 ℃-annealed alloy has the best comprehensive mechanical properties due to the ideal contents of FCC, BCC and σ. The electrochemical corrosion tests show that the as-cast and three kinds of annealed alloys all have good corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl solution and the corrosion resistance of the 800 ℃-annealed alloy is the best because of its best composition uniformity.

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