铸锻复合一体化成形6061铝合金的组织和力学性能

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报2014年第2期

论文作者:彭 勇 王顺成 郑开宏 戚文军 周海涛

文章页码:325 - 335

关键词:6061变形铝合金;铸锻复合一体化成形;启锻时间;强制补缩

Key words:6061 wrought aluminum alloy; casting-forging integrated technology; forging start-up time; forced feeding

摘    要:采用铸锻复合一体化成形6061铝合金,研究启锻时间对6061铝合金的凝固、补缩、显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:靠近锻压冲头面6061铝合金为流线变形组织,中间部位晶粒则被压扁压实,靠近下模部分的合金晶粒在模具激冷作用下得到细化。当启锻时间为3~4 s时,锻压作用能够对合金进行强制性补缩和压实组织,并产生塑性变形,避免了缩孔、裂纹和组织疏松等缺陷出现。随着启锻时间的延长,热处理前后铸锻件的抗拉强度和伸长率先增大再趋于平缓和减小,当启锻时间为4 s时,6061铝合金铸锻件的拉伸力学性能达到最高,未热处理的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为211.1 MPa和17.6%,热处理后的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为368.9 MPa和11.5%。

Abstract: The casting-forging integrated technology was adopted to prepare 6061 aluminum alloy. The effects of forging start-up time on solidification, feeding, microstructure and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of 6061 aluminum alloy closed to forging punch surface is deformation microstructure. The grains of 6061 aluminum alloy in the middle part are crushed and compacted. The grains of 6061 aluminum alloy closed to the lower mold are refined due to the chilling effect by the mold. When the forging start-up time is 3-4 s, the shrinkage, cracks and loose tissue can be avoided, because the forging force can effectively carry out pressure feeding, and make structure compacted through the forced feeding and plastic deformation. With the increase of forging start-up time, the tensile strength and elongation of 6061 aluminum alloy with and without T6 heat treatment first increase and then decrease. The maximal mechanical properties of the 6061 aluminum alloy parts can be obtained when the forging start-up time is 4 s. The tensile strength and elongation of 6061 aluminum alloy without T6 heat treatment is 211.1 MPa and 17.6%, respectively. The tensile strength and elongation of 6061 aluminum alloy with T6 heat treatment is 368.9 MPa and 11.5%, respectively.

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