SLM成形Ti-6Al-4V合金梯度结构的组织和力学性能

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报2019年第11期

论文作者:黄传收 肖志瑜 王震 黄嘉豪 朱权利

文章页码:2489 - 2501

关键词:SLM;Ti-6Al-4V;梯度结构;组织结构;力学性能

Key words:selective laser melting; Ti-6Al-4V; gradient structure; microstructures; mechanical properties

摘    要:本文设计一种上下层致密、中间多孔的“三明治”梯度结构材料,多孔层分别采用19.6、23.0和333.3 J/mm3的能量密度制备出A、B、C三种不同孔隙率的梯度结构,并对其组织和力学性能进行研究。结果表明:A型结构孔洞是无明显取向的连通孔,多孔层看不到明显的初生β柱状晶;B型结构是大量孤立孔伴随少量垂直于成形方向的连通孔,含有少量不连续的β柱状晶;C型结构多孔层的孔洞是截面为近圆形的孤立孔,多孔层中存在粗大的等轴晶。A型结构下致密层和多孔层的结合强度仅为72.3 MPa,在热应力作用下产生开裂;B型结构的拉伸强度可以达到979.1 MPa,伸长率为4.54%;C型结构的抗拉强度为1121.7 MPa,伸长率为7.05%。A、B、C型梯度结构的压缩弹性模量分别为19.7、31.5和43.7 GPa。

Abstract: A sandwich model of gradient structure was designed in this paper. The upper and lower dense layers were formed using optimal processing parameters. Three kinds of structure A, B, C with different porosity of middle layer were produced at different laser energy density of 19.6, 23.0 and 333.3 J/mm3. The microstructures and mechanical properties of gradient structures were investigated. The results show that the pore in structure A is interconnecting pores without obvious orientation. Many small isolated pores and a small amount of interconnecting pores exist in structure B. All pores in structure C with nearly circular cross-section are isolated holes. As a result, structure A has unobvious columnar grains due to the high porosity, while structure B contains some discontinuous prior β columnar grains. Structure C is consisted of coarsened equiaxed grains rather than columnar grains. The shear strength between lower dense layer and porous layer of samples with structure A is only 72.3 MPa. And it appears cracking in the forming process. Tensile strength of samples with structure B still reaches 979.1 MPa combined with elongation of 4.54%. Tensile strength of samples with structure C is 1121.7 MPa, and the elongation is as high as 7.05%. The modulus of structure A, B and C are 19.7, 31.5 and 43.7 GPa, respectively.

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