不同气氛条件下生物焦的热解路径及脱汞机理

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2021年第6期

论文作者:金燕 贾里 郭晋荣 王彦霖 张永强 李泽鹏 刘丁赫

文章页码:2011 - 2023

关键词:热解气氛;生物焦;汞;反应路径;吸附机理

Key words:pyrolysis atmosphere; biomass char; mercury; reaction path; adsorption mechanism

摘    要:针对电厂烟气中的主要成分N2,O2和CO2,研究生物质在3种热解气氛条件下的热解过程,通过验证所提出的反应路径,揭示多气相组分条件下生物质的热解演变机理;在综合研究所生成生物焦的微观特性及单质汞吸附性能的基础上,利用程序升温脱附技术和吸附动力学揭示生物焦的单质汞吸附机理。研究结果表明:生物质在N2气氛条件下的热解过程可分为3个阶段;在O2条件下生物质主要有3种热解路径,且在5%~7%的O2体积分数之间存在临界阈值,该体积分数范围内生物质的氧化异相反应由氧的扩散过程控制,而超出该范围后,反应由动力学控制,且反应加速进行;CO2可通过Boudouard反应在750 ℃以后与生物焦直接发生气化反应,且随着CO2体积分数升高,气化反应提前且程度加强;生物质热解过程中存在大量平行进行的一级反应,构成了明显不同的复杂反应阶段,所对应的表观活化能E在30~300 kJ/mol范围内变化;相比N2气氛热解条件,O2会降低生物焦对Hg0的吸附能力;CO2则会提高生物焦对Hg0的吸附能力,其中20%体积分数的CO2作为热解气氛时,热解所形成的生物焦汞吸附能力最强;Hg0在吸附过程中先与生物焦表面的官能团结合,形成化学吸附;当化学吸附饱和后再进行物理吸附,通过不同方式所吸附的汞以一种混合形式赋存在生物焦表面,其中化学吸附的主要产物为Hg-OM和HgO。

Abstract: Pyrolysis process of biomass in three kinds of pyrolysis atmospheres was analysed, aiming at the main components of N2, O2 and CO2 in power plant flue gas. By verifying the proposed reaction path, the pyrolysis evolution mechanism of biomass under the condition of multi-phase components was revealed. Based on a comprehensive study of mercury adsorption characteristics and microscopic characteristics of biochar, the temperature-programmed desorption technique and the adsorption kinetics were employed to systematically explore the reaction mechanism of Hg0 adsorption. The results show that pyrolysis process of biomass can be divided into three stages in N2 atmosphere. Three pyrolysis reaction pathways are possible in O2 atmosphere. There is a critical threshold between 5%-7% O2 volume fraction. The heterogeneous reaction of biomass oxidation is controlled by the diffusion of O2 when the volume fraction is lower than the critical range. When the volume fraction exceeds the critical range, the reaction is accelerated and controlled by kinetics. Above 750 °C, CO2 can react directly with the biochar through Boudouard reaction. With the increase of CO2 volume fraction, the gasification reaction can proceed ahead of time and be intensified. There are a large number of parallel first-order reactions during the process of biomass pyrolysis, which constitute obviously different and complex reaction stages. The obtained apparent activation energy E value varies in the range of 30-300 kJ/mol. Compared with N2 pyrolysis atmosphere, Hg0 adsorption capacities of the biochars obtained in O2 pyrolysis atmosphere are worse. CO2 can improve the Hg0 adsorption capacity. When 20% CO2 volume fraction is selected as the pyrolysis atmosphere, biochar formed has the strongest mercury adsorption capacity. During the adsorption process, Hg0 firstly combines with the functional groups on the surface of biochar to form chemical adsorption. When the chemical adsorption is saturated, the physical adsorption occurs. The mercury adsorbed by various ways on the biochar surface is in a mixed form, among which the main products of chemical adsorption are Hg-OM and HgO.

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