基于地球化学的水热还原矿化稳定砷的技术思路

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报2020年第4期

论文作者:胡斌 杨天足 刘伟锋 张杜超 陈霖

文章页码:847 - 858

关键词:砷;三硫化二砷;稳定化;水热;矿化

Key words:arsenic; arsenic trisulfide; stabilization; hydrothermal; mineralization

摘    要:砷作为有色金属矿物的共伴生元素,在有色金属冶炼过程中以含砷“三废”形式大量产出。由于砷具有强致癌性及毒性,导致砷的安全处置问题严重困扰着有色金属冶炼企业。本文通过阐述含砷废水中砷的两种稳定化工艺的研究进展,对比了现有稳定化工艺的优缺点,结合药剂稳定化和矿物稳定化的优点,借鉴砷元素在地球化学中的成矿规律,提出了硫化沉砷-水热还原矿化稳定砷的技术思路。首先采用硫化法脱除含砷废水中的砷,砷的沉淀率高达99.65%,硫化沉淀物在TCLP毒性检测中砷的浓度达到212.9 mg/L。然后采用As-S系一元水热还原矿化法和As-Fe-S系二元水热还原矿化方法稳定砷,稳定化产物分别为雌黄和雌黄-铁硫系(黄铁矿、硫化亚铁)混合物,在TCLP毒性检测中砷的浸出浓度分别为3.86 mg/L和2.65 mg/L。水热还原矿化工艺实现了含砷废水中砷的脱除及稳定化的目的,为水溶液中砷的脱除和稳定化提供了新的思路。

Abstract: Arsenic is one of paragenetic and associated elements in non-ferrous minerals, which is enriched in “the three wastes” containing arsenic during the smelting of nonferrous metal processes. The safety disposal of wastewater containing arsenic has troubled nonferrous metals smelting enterprises due to the strong carcinogenicity and toxicity of arsenic. This paper firstly introduced the sources and harm of wastewater arsenic-containing. And then the stabilization technologies including chemical stabilization and mineral stabilization were reviewed. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of stabilization technologies for treating wastewater containing arsenic, and referring to the mineralization rule of arsenic in geochemistry, a sulfidization-hydrothermal reduction mineralization process of arsenic was proposed. The results show that, firstly, 99.65% arsenic in wastewater containing arsenic was precipitated in the form of amorphous As2S3 by using Na2S. Then the leachate concentration of arsenic of amorphous As2S3 in TCLP test is 212.97 mg/L. Next, the hydrothermal reduction mineralization process in As-S unary system and hydrothermal reduction mineralization process in As-Fe-S binary system are adopted to transform amorphous As2S3 to orpiment and orpiment and iron-sulfur system (pyrite, ferrous sulfide) mixture separately. And the As leachate concentration of these corresponding hydrothermal slags in the TCLP test is reduced to 3.86 mg/L, 2.65 mg/L separately. A satisfied result of removal and stabilization of arsenic from wastewater are achieved by the novel processes, which provides a promising way to remove and stabilize arsenic from high arsenic containing wastewater.

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