湘南香花岭锡矿田碎屑岩中似层状锡多金属矿体铟富集特征及成因

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报优先出版第20210813期

论文作者:郑旭 刘建平 陈卫康 邵拥军 田旭峰 文一卓 刘少青 丁涛

文章页码:319 - 343

关键词:铟富集;矿物化学;成因;碎屑岩中似层状锡多金属矿体;香花岭;湘南

Key words:indium enrichment; mineral chemistry; genesis; stratoid tin polymetallic orebodies hosted by clastic rock; Xianghualing; Southern Hunan

摘    要:湘南香花岭矿田是华南地区典型的岩浆热液型铟富集成矿区,新勘探的似层状锡矿体是矿田内重要的锡矿化类型,也是南岭地区较为独特的锡矿化类型,对该类矿体中的铟的分布规律和富集机制缺乏系统研究。为揭示矿田内似层状锡多金属矿体中的铟富集特征及成因,在矿床野外地质调查及样品采集基础上,采用光学显微镜、等离子体光谱仪、电子探针等技术手段,开展了矿物组成显微鉴定、矿石化学成分分析、矿物微区成分分析等研究。研究显示碎屑岩发育两类似层状锡矿体:三合圩式以泥质碎屑岩为容岩的锡多金属矿体和泡金山式以石英砂岩为容岩的锡矿体。矿石化学分析显示三合圩式矿体In含量12.94 μg/g~70.80 μg/g,Zn含量0.61%~2.62%,Sn含量0.13%~0.86%,为富铟的锡多金属矿体;泡金山式矿体In含量为0.04 μg/g~1.06 μg/g,Sn含量为Sn含量为0.06 %~1.87 %,为贫铟的锡矿体。矿物研究显示载铟矿物有闪锌矿和黝锡矿,尤以闪锌矿最为重要。三合圩式矿体中的闪锌矿In含量最高0.15%,泡金山式矿体中为最高0.19%,闪锌矿中元素替代关系为:In2++Cd2+?2Cu2+。黝锡矿在三合圩式矿体中含In 0.25%,而泡金山式低于检测限,黝锡矿中元素替代关系为:In2++Zn2+?Cu2++Sn2+。综合矿床地质特征及铟富集研究,认为碎屑岩中似层状矿体成因与岩浆热液关系密切,两类矿体铟富集差异明显受成矿地质环境和成矿作用控制,在泥质砂岩中以交代为主的成矿作用形成了富铟的锡多金属矿体,而在石英砂岩中以充填为主的成矿作用则形成了贫铟的锡矿体。

Abstract: The Xianghualing orefield in southern Hunan, Nanling area is a typical magmatic-hydrothermal type In mineralization area in South China. The newly explored stratoid Sn orebodies, an important Sn mineralization type in the orefield, are relatively unique type in the Nanling area. However, indium distribution and enrichment mechanism of these orebodies have not yet done enough research. In order to reveal characteristics and genesis of In enrichment of the stratoid Sn polymetallic orebodies, ore mineral microscopic observation and identification, ore chemical composition analysis, and mineral microanalysis were carried out using optical microscope, plasma spectrometer, and electron probe based on geological surveys and sample collection of the orebodies. There are two types of stratoid Sn orebodies hosted by clastic rock: one is Sanhexu type, Sn polymetallic mineralition hosted by argillaceous clastic rock; the other is Paojinshan type, Sn mineralization hosted by quartz sandstone. Chemical analysis of the ores show that the Sanhexu orebodies are In-rich Sn polymetallic orebodies with 12.94 μg/g ~ 70.80 μg/g In, 0.61% ~ 2.62% Zn, and 0.13% ~ 0.86% Sn; while the Paojinshan orebodies are In-poor Sn orebodies with 0.04 μg/g ~ 1.06 μg/g In, 0.06% ~ 1.87% Sn. Indium-bearing minerals include sphalerite and stannite, especially sphalerite. Sphalerite contains In up to 0.15% in the Sanhexu, and in the Sanhexu up to 0.19%. Element substitution mechanisms of sphalerite is In2++Cd2+?2Cu2+. Stannite contains 0.25% In in the Sanhexu orebodies, but below detection limit in the Paojinshan. Element substitution mechanisms of stannite is In2++Zn2+?Cu2++Sn2+. Based on geological characteristics of the deposit and In enrichment, it was proposed that stratoid orebodies hosted by clastic rocks are related to magmatic-hydrothermal; different In enrichment of two orebody types is controlled by geological environment and mineralization style; metasomatic mineralization style in argillaceous sandstones forms In-rich tin polymetallic orebodies, while filling mineralization style in quartz sandstones forms In-poor Sn orebodies.

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