冻胀过程管土相互作用规律及受力特征

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2020年第4期

论文作者:盛煜 黄龙 吴吉春 黄旭斌 何彬彬 张玺彦

文章页码:1022 - 1037

关键词:冻胀;管道;变形;力;约束;相互作用

Key words:frost heave; pipe; deformation; force; constraint; interaction

摘    要:为研究冻胀过程中管-土之间的相互作用规律及受力特征,以不锈钢管及冻胀敏感性粉质黏土为材料,在没有外界水源补充的小型环境模型试验机中进行试验。首先,黏贴电阻应变片于管道上,并将管道及其支架放置于敞口保温箱内;其次,填装土样并同步在每个测点布置温度、水分和土压力传感器;最后,在试验过程中实时监测土体的温度、含水率、土压力、冻胀量及管道的变形和应力等变量,主要分析与讨论降温阶段即持续70 h的冻胀阶段所采集数据。研究结果表明:冻胀过程中管道抑制土体冻胀的实质是抑制土体的水分迁移;管土之间相互协调发展且始终保持着动态平衡,冻胀导致管道发生变形的同时管道又约束着土体的冻胀,冻胀受约束而产生土压力;管道变形以及与管道的距离决定管道对土体冻胀的约束程度;管道变形越小,约束率越大,土压力越大,水分迁移量越小,冻胀越小;而同一时刻管轴线两侧土体的冻胀明显比管底土体的大,且距离管道越远的位置,约束率越小,土压力越小,水分迁移量越大,冻胀越大;土压力随着时间而增大,与约束率呈指数增大的关系,但与冻胀呈指数衰减的关系;冻胀引起管道产生轴向及环向应力,轴向最不利应力分布位置为管中4/8处;环向应力的存在说明管道发生截面变形,在较大的冻胀力或外荷载作用在管道上时,环向应力的影响不可忽视。

Abstract: In order to study the mechanism characteristics and the interaction law between pipe and soil during frost heaving, the silty clay with high frost susceptibility and the stainless steel pipe were used as materials, and the test was carried out in a small environmental model testing machine without external water supply. Firstly, the resistance strain gauges were pasted to the surface of pipe, then the pipe and support were placed in the open heat preservation box. Secondly, the soil sample was filled into the open heat preservation box while the sensors including temperature, moisture and soil pressure sensors were arranged at each measuring point synchronously. Finally, the variables such as temperature, water content, pressure, frost heave, deformation and stress of pipe were monitored in real time during the testing. Then the testing data collected from the process of frost heaving which lasts for 70 h was analyzed and discussed. The results show that the essence of pipe restraining frost heave during frost heaving is to restrain the moisture migration in soil. The distribution law of unfrozen water content and the water content after frost heaving proves the occurrence of moisture migration in soil. The interaction between pipe and soil leads to coordinate changes and keeps a dynamic balance all the time. Frost heaving causes the pipe deformation while the pipe restrains the frost heave of soil. The deformation of pipe and the distance from pipe determine the constraint strength to frost heaving. The smaller the pipe deformation, the greater the constraining rate, the larger the soil pressure, the smaller the moisture migration and the smaller the frost heave. However, at the same time, the frost heave on both sides of pipe is obviously larger than that below the pipe. The farther away from the pipe, the smaller the constraining rate, the smaller the soil pressure, the greater the moisture migration, and the larger the frost heave. The soil pressure increases with time, and increases exponentially with constraining rate, but decreases exponentially with frost heave. Frost heaving causes pipe stress, and the most disadvantageous stress distribution position is in 4/8 section of the pipe. The existence of circumferential stress indicates the section of the pipe deformation, so the effect of circumferential stress cannot be ignored in the analysis when the pipe actes on a larger frost heaving force or external load.

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