地铁车轮凹陷磨耗对踏面接触应力的影响

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2020年第6期

论文作者:温泽峰 周志军 李伟 陈斌

文章页码:1712 - 1721

关键词:地铁;车轮凹陷磨耗;剥离损伤;弹塑性;Von-Mises等效应力;塑性应变

Key words:metro; wheel hollow-worn; shelling damage; elastic-plastic; Von-Mises equivalent stress; plastic strain

摘    要:针对地铁列车运营后出现的车轮踏面滚动接触疲劳现象,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立考虑轮轨真实几何关系的三维弹塑性轮轨接触数值仿真模型,结合现场调查车轮磨耗结果和轮轨接触几何关系分析,计算分析车轮不同凹陷磨耗状态对踏面材料应力应变状态的影响。研究结果表明:车轮踏面主要凹陷磨耗区域为车轮踏面横向位置-30~50 mm处,轮轨接触几何关系呈强非线性特性,其轮轨接触点位置集中在车轮踏面横向位置20~32 mm或-32 ~ -20 mm。车轮不同凹陷磨耗状态下的轮轨接触状态差异显著,在磨耗突变区(-30 ~ -20 mm)轮轨接触斑呈狭长椭圆分布,导致相同载荷下轮轨接触应力较大。当轮对向外轨横移时,车轮凹陷磨耗接触区域材料易进入屈服状态,此时车轮踏面沿接触斑深度方向0~3.6 mm范围内Von-Mises等效应力最大,踏面表层材料等效塑性应变最大。车轮踏面出现凹陷磨耗后,车辆频繁地通过小半径曲线时易在磨耗突变区造成较高的等效应力和等效塑性应变,从而导致轮缘根部表面材料产生剥离损伤。

Abstract: In view of the phenomenon that wheel tread fatigue damage occurs after metro train operation, a three-dimensional simulation model of wheel-rail elastic-plastic contact considering the true geometry of wheel-rail was established by using the finite element software ABAQUS. Combined with the test results of wheel wear and the analysis of wheel-rail contact geometry, the effects of wheel hollow-worn on the stress and strain states of the tread material were investigated. The results show that the main wear area of hollow-worn wheel tread is from -30 to 50 mm in the lateral position of the wheel thread. The position of wheel-rail contact point is concentrated in from 20 to 32 mm or from -32 to -20 mm in the lateral position of the wheel thread, and the contact geometry is strongly non-linear. The shape of wheel-rail contact area varies obviously under different wear conditions. In abrupt wear region(from -32 to -20 mm), the shape of wheel-rail contact patch shows a narrow ellipse, which leads to greater wheel-rail contact stress under the same load. When the wheelset moves to the outer rail, the material in the contact area of wheel hollow-worn is easy to enter the yield state. At this time, the Von-Mises equivalent stress of wheel reaches the maximum in the range of 0-3.6 mm below the contact patch, and the equivalent plastic strain of tread surface material reaches the maximum. When the vehicle with hollow-worn wheels passes through the small radius curve frequently, high equivalent stress and equivalent plastic strain in the abrupt wear region occur, resulting in shelling damage of the wheel flange root.

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