含硫非离子型极性捕收剂的结构与性能——兼论新型高效捕收剂研制途径
来源期刊：中南大学学报(自然科学版)1983年第4期
论文作者：王淀佐
文章页码：9 - 17
关键词：高效捕收剂； 结构与性能； 非离子型； 研制途径； 选择性； 起泡性； 药剂； 含硫； 非极性基； 双黄药
摘 要：本文归纳国内外关于含二价硫非离子型极性捕收剂浮选应用结果,并用分子轨道及原子键参数方法,从药剂结构-性能关系方面讨论它们具有优良性能的原因及今后研制高效捕收剂的途径。这种捕收剂的特点是:选择性高,用量少,兼有起泡性。它们的高选择性主要由于键合基C=S,—S—的正配键能力比—SH基降低,反馈配键能力增强以及分子断面加大,空间可接近性低所致。它们兼有起泡性是由于分子中同时带有亲固基及亲本基二种极性基,以及非极性基数目多（二个以上）,极性基极性弱,亲水-疏水比例小所致。它们用量低是由于药剂化学活性小,在矿浆中无效消耗（矿泥吸附,金属离子沉淀）少,每个分子盖罩矿物表面积大,以及药剂在固气界面吸附量大,发生ΓLG向ΓSG转移。向药剂分子中C=S,—S—基附近引入高电负性基团或原子,可进一步提高药剂作用选择性。
Abstract: In this paper, the applications of nonionic polar collectors containing bivalent sulphur （NPS） in flotation process were concluded and the reasons why the collectors had good properties were discussed in the relationship between the structure and the property by moleculor orbital and atomic bonding parameter methods. And then some ways to develop new effective collectors were given. If the use of ionic collectors such as xanthates in 1924 impelled flotation art into a new age, then the development of new type NPS collectors will make m arked improvement in flotation efficiency. The characteristics of these collectors are higher selectivity, Iower con- sumption and better frothiness and collection. These collectors have a higher selectivity, in that the normal donation bond abilities of bonding groups C = S, - S - on mineral surface are lower than -SH group in ionic collector molecules, while the backdonation bond abilities are greater and the steric size of molecules is larger and thus their steric approachability is lower. The collector’s frothing property results from the following factors: firstly, in molecules there are two kinds of polar group-both the adhesion and the hydrophilic groups, and many nonpolar groups （more than two）; secondly, the polarization of polar groups is weak; and third1y, the hydrophilic-hy- dropholic ratio is small. The collec-tor’s consumption is lower because of the low chemical activity, the low invalid consumption （adsorption by slime, precipitation by metallic ions, etc.）, the large coverage area of each reagent molecule on the mineral surface and the great amount of adsorption on the gas-solid interface (as a result, ГLG is transferred to ГSG). When high electronegativity groups or atoms are added around the bonding atom or group C= S or - S -, the collector’s selectivity may be further improved.
