吸波材料的物理机制及其设计

来源期刊：中南大学学报(自然科学版)2001年第6期

论文作者：周克省 黄可龙 孔德明 李志光

文章页码：617 - 621

关键词：吸波材料;电磁损耗;隐身技术;复介电常数;复磁导率

Key words：electromagnetic wave absorption material; electromagnetic loss; stealth technique; complex dielectric constant; complex magnetic conductivity

摘    要：吸波材料是一种重要的军事隐身功能材料,其机理本质上是电磁波与物质相互作用,入射的电磁波通过介质最大限度地转变成热能或其他形式的能.评价吸波效能的主要参数是损耗因子、复介电常数、复磁导率.作者用简单的等效电路分析了材料吸波机制,阐明了这些参数的物理意义,定性地给出了吸波材料的设计方向.分析结果表明:吸波材料的电磁损耗机制分为3种类型,即电阻损耗型、介电损耗型和磁损耗型;设计吸波材料时要综合考虑损耗吸收和波阻抗匹配2种因素;多元复合尤其是纳米无机物与有机聚合物复合,将3种损耗有效结合,并尽可能阻抗匹配,这是实现轻质、强吸收、宽频、微波红外隐身兼容且综合性能好的吸波材料的有效途径;研究材料的吸波特性还必须从微观层次上用量子理论分析材料对电磁波的基本吸收过程.

Abstract: The material with electromagnetic wave absorption function is an importantmilitary stealth material. Its physical mechanism is that it interacts with electromagnetic wave and the wave energy is changed into heat or other energy as much as possible. The important parameters for the wave absorption effects are electromagnetic loss factor, complex dielectric constant, complex magnetic conductivity. From simple equivalent electric circuit, the absorption mechanism of the material is analyzed ,the physical meaning of these parameters is explained and the design direction of the material is put forward qualitatively.It is illustrated from the results that the electromagnetic wave loss mechanisms are divided into resistance loss, dielectric loss, and magnetic loss. Both this losses and wave impedance matching are considered for design of the material. A good way to realize the goal of light weight, strong absorption, wide frequency band, absorbing microwave and infrared ray compatibly and other fine properties for the material is that it is made by more components composite especially nanoparticle-polymer composite, combing three types′losses and impedance matching. It is necessary that the absorption property is studied inmicrocosmic with solid state quantum mechanics to solve the problem of material design in theory.