从镍钼矿冶炼烟尘中浸出硒的体系选择

侯晓川^{1, 2}，肖连生²，张启修²，沈裕军²，彭俊^{1, 2}

(1．长沙矿冶研究院，湖南 长沙，410012；
2．中南大学 冶金科学与工程学院，湖南 长沙，410083)

摘 要：研究在酸性和碱性浸出体系中氧化浸出镍钼矿冶炼烟尘中硒的热力学，采用线衍射对镍钼矿冶炼烟尘及其浸出渣进行表征。结果表明：在盐酸-硫酸的复合体系中，采用氯酸钠为氧化剂，有利于镍钼矿冶炼烟尘中硒浸出；实验研究证明热力学研究的正确性。在盐酸和硫酸复合体系中，氧化浸出镍钼矿冶炼烟尘中的硒，硒的浸出率大于98%，浸出渣含硒0.13%。冶炼烟尘中硒以单质的形式存在；浸出渣中未见有硒及其化合物的衍射峰出现，表明烟尘中硒浸出较完全。

关键词：硒；镍钼矿；烟尘；浸出体系；热力学

System selection of leaching selenium from Ni-Mo ore smelter dust

HOU Xiao- chuan^{1, 2}, XIAO Lian-sheng², ZHANG Qi-xiu², SHENG Yu-jun¹, PENG-jun^{1, 2}

(1. Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Changsha 410012, China;
2. School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

Abstract:Thermodynamics of oxidized leaching selenium from Ni-Mo ore smelter dust in solution system of acidity and basicity were studied, respectively. Both Ni-Mo ore smelter dust and its leaching residue were characterized by XRD. The results show that it is useful to leach seledium from Ni-Mo ore smelter dust using sodium chlorate as oxidant in a mixture of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. The correctness of thermodynamical study is proved by experimental studies. Both selenium leaching rate of more than 98% and selenium of 0.13% in leaching residue are obtained by oxidizing leaching selenium from Ni-Mo ore smelter dust in a mixture of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. Selenium in smelter dust exists in the form of elemental selenium, but no diffraction lines of selenium and its compounds are detected in leaching residue, indicating that leaching selenium is almost complete.

Key words:selenium; Ni-Mo ore; smelting dust; oxidized leaching; thermodynamics