高速列车车外噪声预测建模与声源贡献量分析

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2018年第12期

论文作者:肖新标 王德威 李帅 张捷 韩健

文章页码:3113 - 3121

关键词:声学;高速列车;车外噪声;几何声学;声源贡献

Key words:acoustics; high-speed train; external noise; geometrical acoustics; noise source contribution

摘    要:为研究高速列车车身表面各区域声源对列车车外噪声的贡献量,基于车外声源识别和几何声学理论,建立高速列车车外噪声仿真预测模型,并通过ISO标准测点处现场测试结果对其进行校核。利用车外声源识别结果对车身表面处各区域声源声功率贡献量进行量化排序,再借助车外噪声预测模型计算分析各区域声源对车外通过噪声的贡献量及车外通过噪声对关键区域声源强度变化的灵敏度。研究结果表明:当高速列车以300 km/h速度运行时,不同区域声源声功率贡献量及其对车外通过噪声贡献量差异较大,其中轮轨区域声源对总声功率贡献量和对车外通过噪声的贡献量分别为39.1%和37.6%,对列车车外噪声起到主导作用;其次为车体下部区域声源,贡献量分别为25.7%和34.1%。高速列车车外通过噪声对轮轨区域声源和车体下部区域声源变化的灵敏度分别为0.39和0.35,即每降低轮轨区域噪声1 dB,可以有效降低车外通过噪声0.39 dB。

Abstract: In order to study the contributions of the noise sources in different high-speed train body areas to the external noise, the model for predicting and simulating the external noise of high-speed train was established based on the external noise source identification of train and the theory of geometrical acoustics. The prediction model was checked by the results measured at the filed positions according to ISO standard. Furthermore, the contributions of the noise sources in different train body areas to the total sound power were quantitatively sorted based on the results of train noise source identification. The contributions of noise sources in different train body areas to the pass-by noise of train and the sensitivities of pass-by noise to changes in the intensity of noise sources in key areas were calculated and analyzed by using the prediction model. The results show that when the high-speed train runs at the speed of 300 km/h, the contributions of noise sources in different areas to total sound power and the contributions to the pass-by noise of train are quite different. The contributions of noise sources in wheel-rail area to the total sound power and pass-by noise are 39.1% and 37.6%, respectively, which play a dominant role in the production of the external noise, and follows by the noise sources in the lower area of train body follow, which are 25.7% and 34.1%, respectively. The sensitivities of pass-by noise to the changes in the intensity of noise sources in the wheel-rail area and the lower area of train body are 0.39 and 0.35, respectively. In other words, the pass-by noise can effectively reduce 0.39 dB if the sound power level of noise sources in wheel-rail area decreases every 1 dB.

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