浅埋偏压隧道衬砌受力特征及破坏机制试验研究

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2013年第8期

论文作者:雷明锋 彭立敏 施成华 王立川 刘正初

文章页码:3316 - 3326

关键词:偏压隧道;浅埋;衬砌结构;受力特征;破坏机制;模型试验

Key words:unsymmetrical loading tunnel; shallow-buried; lining structure; stress characteristics; failure mechanism; model test

摘    要:运用相似理论及弹性力学基本方程,推导得到模型试验的相似准则,并对其试验方法进行具体设计。通过开挖模拟15°,30°,45°这3种偏压角模型隧道,对浅埋偏压隧道围岩压力、衬砌结构应力的动态变化规律和分布形式以及衬砌和围岩的破坏机制进行系统研究。研究结果表明:隧道在开挖过程中,围岩压力及衬砌内力均随开挖而持续变化,在开挖面附近,围岩应力释放明显,表现出显著的偏压特征和时空效应现象;随着偏压角增大,浅埋侧围岩压力逐步减小,而深埋侧围岩压力增大;“规范法”关于浅埋偏压隧道围岩压力的计算低估了荷载的偏压特征,欠安全;偏压荷载的存在改变了结构的受力状态,不同位置的破坏形态和破坏类型差异明显,且受偏压角度的影响,在实际施工过程中应对衬砌结构的表观形态发展特征进行密切观测,以采取针对性处治措施;全施工阶段围岩的破坏过程可描述为局部位移变形→深埋侧浅表受拉开裂→深层剪切滑移,其破坏形态为以隧道为顶,边仰坡线为底的倒锥形体,且破裂角受偏压角的影响,浅埋侧破裂角较规范值小,而深埋侧破裂角大于规范值,从破坏形态上亦说明“规范法”低估了偏压特征。

Abstract: Using the similarity theory and fundamental equations of elasticity mechanics, the similarity criterion of model experiments was deduced, and the experimental program was designed concretely. Through digging simulating tests of model tunnel with three different bias angles (15°, 30° and 45°), the dynamic change law and distribution forms of surrounding rock pressure and lining stress, and the failure mechanism of lining and surrounding rock of shallow buried tunnel under unsymmetrical loading were studied. The results show that during tunnel excavation process, surrounding rock pressure and lining stress change sequentially with excavation, around excavation face, the earth stress releases significantly and shows conspicuous bias characteristics and time-space effect phenomenon. With the increase of bias angle, surrounding rock pressure at shallow buried side decreases gradually, but increases at depth buried side. Compared to Code method, the calculation method of surrounding rock pressure on shallow buried tunnel under unsymmetrical pressure underestimates the bias characteristics, it is unsafe. The existence of unsymmetrical loading changes the stress condition of lining structure, the failure forms and types at different positions differ very much, and it is affected by the bias angle, so in practical construction process, the apparent developing characteristics of lining structure should be monitored closely in order to adopt nichetargeting measurements. The failure procedure of surrounding rock in whole construction stage can be described as: Displacement and deformation at locality positions of ground surface → cracking in surface ground at depth buried side under tension → shear slip at depth ground, and its failure forms are an inverse cone-shaped body composed with tunnel at its top and side-entrance slope line at its bottom. Moreover, the rupture angle is affected by the bias angle, being smaller than the code value at shallow buried side, but larger at depth buried side, so the failure form also indicates that the code underestimates the bias characteristicss.

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