基于人机工程的自卸车操纵杆舒适度分析

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2013年第9期

论文作者:吕胜 谷正气 伍文广 梁小波 彭国普

文章页码:3665 - 3670

关键词:人机工程;关节力矩;操纵杆;SimMechanics软件;舒适度分析

Key words:ergonomics; joint torque; joystick; SimMechanics software; comfort analysis

摘    要:针对目前驾驶员人机舒适性评价机制都只建立在关节角度的基础上,而实际操作过程中关节力矩是不可忽略的因素,综合考虑关节角度和关节力矩这2方面因素,对人体上肢舒适性进行优化;基于在上肢操纵的所有驾驶室部件中,推拉操纵杆所受的关节力矩最大,以国产某自卸车操纵杆布置为代表,依据Kane动力学方程建立驾驶员上肢动力学模型;结合NASA力量模型,将关节力矩因素引入到舒适度评估中,并利用动力学软件SimMechaincs校核该方法的可靠性。研究结果表明:所建立的上肢生物力学模型通过Kane方法求解关节力矩,计算过程不出现约束反力,避免了复杂的推导,是一种面向计算机的建模方法;此优化模型可以获得人体上肢舒适操作的最优位姿以及相应的舒适度曲线图,为矿用自卸车的操纵杆布置提供了依据,并可把此优化模型应用到驾驶室其他操控部件中;此方法可用于自卸车驾驶室布局。

Abstract: Based on the fact that the cab man-machine comfort only considers the factors of joint angle, and joint torque during operation is not negligible, the cab layout was optimized based on both joint angle and joint torque. Taking the joystick as an example, the maximal joint torque was exerted during driving. According to Kane equation and NASA strength model, joint torque during pushing and pulling the joystick was acquired through establishing the dynamics model for upper limb, in which the factor of joint torque was taken into account. At the same time it checked the optimization model with dynamics simulation software SimMechanics. The results show that the optimal operating postures and corresponding comfort curves can be obtained, theoretical basis for joystick layout of mining dump truck is provided, and the optimization model can also be applied in other operating components of the cab. This new method can be used to evaluate human-machine comfort of cab operating and control interfaces and optimize the design of cab layout.

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