高应力环境水平矿柱尺寸演变过程力学响应及稳定性

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2021年第3期

论文作者:程海勇 吴顺川 李天龙 张小强 赵志强

文章页码:1027 - 1040

关键词:双中段回采;稳定性;水平矿柱;充填体-围岩拱效应;数值模拟

Key words:double middle mining; stability; horizontal pillar; filling-surrounding rock arch effect; numerical simulation

摘    要:甘肃某矿高应力回采区域采用下向水平分层六角形进路式充填采矿法,双中段大盘区同时回采的模式。矿体水平应力大,最大主应力方向基本垂直于矿体走向,且接近水平。水平矿柱随着开挖而逐渐形成至变薄消失,同时上部充填体越来越厚,在整个生产过程中水平矿柱尺寸大,很难监控其内部应力分布情况。通过力学解剖水平矿柱形成过程,总结水平矿柱稳定性分析方法,探究基于充填体-围岩拱效应的水平矿柱稳定性。结合数值模拟算法和工程实例,分析水平矿柱中的主应力变化特征、塑性区分布特点以及位移变化规律。研究结果表明:在高应力环境,当水平矿柱厚度降至30 m左右时,应力集中现象逐渐显现;靠近上盘的进路更容易产生侧向挤压变形,并出现顶板冒落;最大主应力一般出现在水平矿柱底部,当水平矿柱厚度降至一定水平,出现明显应力转移,充填体起到承压作用,水平矿柱内的应力集中和位移沉降得到一定程度缓解。通过研究水平矿柱稳定性,有效分析双中段同时回采时的可靠性及矿柱回收的安全性,有效防控大面积失稳灾害。

Abstract: A mine in Gansu Province was located in high stress mining area. The downward horizontal slicing hexagonal drift stopping method and the double middle large panel mining mode were adopted. The horizontal stress of the ore body was large, and the direction of the maximum principal stress was basically perpendicular to the strike of the ore body and close to the horizontal. With the excavation, the horizontal pillars gradually formed to thin and disappeared, and the upper filling body became thicker and thicker. In the whole production process, the size of the horizontal pillars was large, and its internal stress distribution was difficult to monitor. When the double-level mining was used in the mine, the horizontal pillar had a process from thick to thin or even disappeared completely. In the process of the horizontal pillar thickness evolution, the mechanical response of pillar was also changing dynamically, which had a profound impact on mine production safety. Through the mechanical analysis of the formation process of the horizontal pillar, the stability analysis method of the horizontal pillar was summarized, and the stability of the horizontal pillar based on the filling-surrounding rock arch effect was explored. Combined with numerical simulation algorithm and engineering example analysis, the characteristics of the maximum principal stress, the distribution of plastic zone and the rule of displacement change in horizontal pillar were analyzed. The results show that in the high stress environment, when the thickness of the horizontal pillar decreases to about 30 m, the phenomenon of stress concentration gradually appears. The access road close to the hanging wall is more likely to produce lateral extrusion deformation and roof caving. The maximum principal stress generally occurs at the bottom of the horizontal pillar. When the thickness of the horizontal pillar decreases to a certain level, there is an obvious stress transfer, the filling body plays a role of pressure bearing, and the stress concentration and displacement settlement in the horizontal pillar are relieved to a certain extent. Through the study of the stability of horizontal pillars, the reliability of double middle section mining and the safety of pillar recovery are effectively analyzed, and the effective prevention and control of large-scale instability disaster is realized.

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