基于复杂地表初至层析地震静校正技术研究及数值模拟

张胤彬^{1, 2}，田忠斌²，温建亮^{1, 2}

(1. 中南大学 地球科学与信息物理学院，长沙 100083；2. 山西省煤炭地质物探测绘院，晋中 030600)

摘 要：采用初至层析静校正方法，解决地表起伏大、纵横向速度变化剧烈的复杂地区的折射静校正效果不好的问题。介绍初至层析静校正原理，并根据需要建立横向速度变化大且基岩裸露的地震模型进行理论试算，分析层析静校正的特点及适用条件，指出层析静校正应注意的关键问题。利用数值模拟手段研究初至层析静校正的适用条件和应用效果，为复杂地表煤层气地震资料静校正提供参考依据。结果表明：层析静校正更适合复杂地表煤层气地震资料的处理，能够很好地解决地表起伏问题和速度横向变化问题，对提高煤层气勘探精度具有重要意义。

关键词：复杂地表；煤层气；地震勘探；静校正；层析反演

Study and numerical simulation of seismic tomographic statics based on complex surface

ZHANG Yin-bin^{1, 2}, TIAN Zhong-bin², WEN Jian-liang^{1, 2}

(1. School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Shanxi Coal Institute of Geological Geophysical Exploration and Mapping, Jinzhong 030600, China)

Abstract:First arrival tomographic statics method was applied to solve bad effects problem of refraction statics in large undulating surface, vertical and horizontal velocity rapidly changing complex areas. The principles of tomographic static were introduced, large and exposed bedrock seismic model correction and lateral velocity variations were built for theoretical computation, characteristics and applicable conditions of chromatographic were analyzed, key issues of chromatography statics were noted. Numerical simulation tools were applied to study the early tomographic static correction application conditions and application effects, and a reference was provided for complex surface statics seismic data. The results show that tomographic static correction is more suitable for seismic data processing of complex surface. It is a good solution for the problem of surface undulation and lateral velocity change, and it is important for improving the accuracy of coalbed methane exploration.

Key words:complex surface; coalbed methane; seismic prospecting; statics; tomographic inversion