城轨列车转向架积雪结冰原因分析及其防治

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2020年第7期

论文作者:高广军 高峰 刘明杨 马冬莉

文章页码:2039 - 2048

关键词:列车空气动力学;城市轨道列车;积雪结冰;转向架;离散相模型

Key words:train aerodynamics; city rail train; snow and ice; bogie; discrete phase model

摘    要:为了研究城市轨道列车在风雪环境下积雪结冰对转向架区域影响,简化头车模型,采用Realizable 湍流模型、离散相模型以及积冰模型相互耦合的方法预测雪粒子运动轨迹以及转向架积冰情况。分析转向架区域流场、转向架区域雪粒子分布、转向架表面积冰厚度,得到转向架区域积雪结冰成因,并提出防治方案。研究结果表明:由于转向架前端区域以及转向架中部区域较为空旷,气流易在这些区域出现高速上扬的趋势。空气中的一部分雪粒子在气动的作用下从这些区域进入转向架上部区域,部分雪粒子进入转向架区域后在惯性的作用下沿着流线切线方向直接撞击到转向架表面。在这2种主要的方式作用下,转向架出现了严重的积雪结冰现象。在有效计算时间内,采用导流方式的组合防治方案有效缓解了转向架上的积雪结冰问题,头车转向架1积冰减少96%,转向架2积冰减少94%。

Abstract: In order to study the influence of the snow and ice on the performance of bogies of the city rail train in snowy weather, the Realizable turbulence model coupled with discrete phase model(DPM) and ice accretion model were used to predict the motion trajectories of snow particles and ice accretion on bogies of a simplified head vehicle model. The flow field of bogie regions, snow particle distribution and thickness of ice on the bogies were analyzed to investigate the flow mechanisms of snow accumulation and ice accretion on the bogies. The preventing and control measure was proposed to alleviate the snow and ice on the bogie. The results show that the airflow is prone to rise at a high speed in front region and middle region of bogie due to the open place. A part of snow particles in the air enter upper region of bogies from the front and middle regions of bogie with the aerodynamic force. Other snow particles directly impact the surface of the bogie along the tangential direction of the streamline with the inertia. There is severe snow and ice on the bogie in these two main ways. The preventing and control measure effectively alleviates the problem of snow and ice on the bogie in the calculation time. The ice of the bogie 1 of the head vehicle is reduced by 96%, and that of the bogie 2 is reduced by 94%.

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